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http://cn.qikan.com/article.aspx?titleid=zgcu20070715

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¶ʦѧýڵѧΪ

: ľ̿

ڷйϢʱ, żȻֻʦѧý
һͶ, ϮĵѧΪ.

ƪĺܶͬ:

[1] , Ļ, , ڻϲŴ㷨ıо", 
Ϣѧ, vol. 21, no. 4, 2007, pp. 55-60.
[2] Wenhua Dai, Cuizhen Jiao, Tingting He (), Research on 
Text Feature Extraction Based on Hybrid Parallel Genetic Algorithm,  
in Proceedings of International Conference on Wireless Communications, 
Networking and Mobile Computing 2007 (WiCom 2007),  Issue , 21-25  
Sept. 2007,  pp:  5581 C 5584.
[3] Ļ, , , ڲŴ㷨K-meansо, 
ѧ, vol. 35, no. 6, 2008, pp. 171-174. 

򵥵رȽƪеͼ1ͼ2, ԷЩͼ໥Ϯ, 
, ûмκβο׺˵.

õ:

[1] , , Ĺ, Ϳ», ʶԵĵŷ, 
Ӧ, vol. 43, no. 11, 2007, pp. 161-163, 

3.1.2ϵϮ:

T. Hofmann, Probabilistic latent semantic analysis, in Proc. 
of Uncertainty in artificial Intelligence, UAI99, 1999, pp. 289-296, 
е3.1 3.2.

ֵעľʾȻѧ, ƻͽ
Ŀ. ˳ϮĹˮƭȡ˰˵ĲǮǲӦ!

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ߣtrus

³cell paperһǱѧԼҲǱѧ
оȴֻԼĵλܲгֵй
̲źȣֻǮԩͷˣΪ¡

Cell, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1100-1111, 12 June 2009

Article

Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase-3 Determines Cellular Necrotic Response to TNF-

Sudan He1,2,Lai Wang3,Lin Miao2,Tao Wang2,Fenghe Du3,Liping Zhao2and Xiaodong Wang3

1 Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
2 National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA

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ǿpaper Journal of Neuroscience

http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/52/14097?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=yuqiang+ding&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=28&issue=52&resourcetype=HWCIT

Retractions
Retracted: Lmx1b-Controlled Isthmic Organizer Is Essential for 
Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Chao Guo,1 * Hai-Yan Qiu,1,2 * Ming Shi,1 Ying Huang,1 Randy L. 
Johnson,3 Marcelo Rubinstein,4 Sheng-Di Chen,2 and Yu-Qiang Ding1

1Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, 
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, 2Department of 
Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of 
Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, 3Department of Biochemistry and 
Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Maryland Anderson Cancer Center, 
Houston, Texas 77030, and 4Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniera 
Gentica y Biologa Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones 
Cientficas y Tcnicas and Departmento de Fisiologa, Biologa 
Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Yu-Qiang Ding, Institute 
of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. 
Email: dingyq@ion.ac.cn

The Journal of Neuroscience has received a report describing an 
investigation by the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, 
Chinese Academy of Sciences, which found major data misrepresentation 
in the article by Guo et al. Because the results cannot be considered 
reliable, The Journal is retracting the paper.

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紵ΰҵ

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ᵽΪһᵽλڽй·ĸ
ߣȻҪ

1913-02ڲԺ870ϯж392ϯռ45%๲͡
ͳһϯֻ2236%ν׼ϣͨᰴ
ģʽԦԬٿµĹʹ͵Ľ֮;Ԭ
л߲ɣȻ1913-03-20ν̱ϵϺվνɱ
ȫĶУַ֮ɽд飺
ϣ˭ǺߣΪܷѪһˣ

νʵѪ˸ߣʹˣװݡǿ󡢳
Ϊ

ŵսƻײйʹǵ̸
ıƤֻøıȥֿıѹסı󣬱˴
пܷķѶΪޣΪ⣬ڲ
֮ʣװԹߣǲǼס˫ִ󺰣֣ȴ
ϵ˵ҪѶдһ˵嶼û
Ĳпᣡ

ȥһˣ绹汲¡ֳ̱
ļԡ˿ûʱǰ䱻ͷѪ᲻ö
ٸıԼһ㡣

2009-07-28

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ҵʧܲεʧ

ߣ׼

ݶڡù۲챨صġλǷΡ
ΪȻ糤ڷࡢԵιⲻȡ
ʷΪҹεʵ򡣵Ϊҵʧ˵
̻߱ܣˡȫ̷Ρȡά滹
˵ʣԱϣֵȶ

ȣҵʧܲεʧܡУ¹ι
һòƵƶϵȨƶ򣬼ȰԹȺ
ķȨƺܼලҲ鼰ÿͷ򣬴Ӷѹʹ
ӡġơ۹ص۹۹
ڶٶˣֻǽΪʵͳΣ뷨һ
ͳΡбʲͬ

ιǿձԵȻ壬κִ̨Ϊתƣƶ
ǵۣɵԷ֡ӢٸʱڣġȻȨ
ţȷھȨҲųȨ̤ȨĿԣ
߳ȨŪɡƻȨĶѭǹѧ
׷ġԪԺľľ鶼ܰķɡ
ҹݻ¹١ũǺǿװڽֻ֯Ҫ
ȡȨɼ֮а㷨εӰӣ

̸˵̻¹Ȼԡϰ׵Ĺܣƶ
ĸơˡ߱ҪһΪǿԣ
ʾִɽⷽ쾡£ΪձԣųȨ
ɽ̻ϵұʢеķ⽨ʱȻ޷ﵽ
Ȼ⣬ŪȨʹǺ󣬽ȫ硶ᡷ
βʱǾ̨ʣҪǻᣬһҪġȨǸ
ΪȨʹǲɿԻøƳʤ֮
嵹һԴ˵ͽзС˵
ͽӷС

Խҽ߱ձĳϵϳȨ³أ
ʶ岻ԼǱŻԾϵ
һҵĵɥһ߾̾ЩҵĹ
ȱලʱȴձطʵؼڵ½̻ǿʲô
ڷǷЧ뷨εķҰǡǡڴˣǰҪǹµТ
˳ߵȹ۵

ΪεĽ̻Ϊ໥ֹӦǡԷιԵ
ˡĹԻ֡˽ɵģ޷һЧ
¼ɳΪЧ䣻ڹ䲻ͿЧ
֣޷ȨȨγЧ淶Ҫεǿϵ
ѵķֹʽӦΪԻ֣зΡ˽򽲵¡

Աȷ뷨Ρ뷨ϵǾ䡰Ļ޸¡
ƶӡͬȺ塢ҵĵϰ׿Բͬε
ձȴ޶£ɳ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ֿԸǹ۶

ߣ
http://qzone.qq.com/blog/622006488-1247636733 

98ݺ׹ùѧ˵ˡʦȥ
˰ȻȻǲ˵ģǰǫѷӵñӻôȥ
ǿŶӴñӣӡѧʦѧʦѧ̩
ˡǡ롱ʥ͡ջˣǻ衣

һɾͻϰߣ»ġҲУ
ƫţ൱Ƨ֮ͨЩֵĲ10ˣʫ磬ǻ
֪ˡĦǡһдʣĲȻȻ̸
̡ôͳĻʦ˵ⲻϳʶνʥһƺӿ壬
ʶʲôһƬĹϣʶģСģǿԱ
ġ

Ի͵ġΰġǵǣЩǹҵ׳Ǽ
ȥ

׳ǰ֣ǹĻ𣿵ȻǡҪĻӦ
ȥУƣʳָâˣΪֻһȺ˲Ǵߣ
Ļʦ

ĻʦעȼΪǷֲˡʢ
ΰŰķֻڼ˲ã
ȻʱΰĹף൱ţٷ˹̹
ۣ˺ڶըԭĹġ
ǿĹԡ

⣬˼һѧΰٴη𱰹Ƭ
ϵΰǧ֮мأֻˡ
˼ұΪʥͣΪʦһҲΪ

죬Ҳǳ㱣ҿĵ˵һʱʱ
ҷǳѹҲܵģΪһѺ˼Ұ
ΰʢһˡ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧ߼ֺ

ߣ³˹ӥ 

ʦҵ¡һĶգʱҸеΪϣ
ӵ¡ҵľ䡷ѡġ(1900-2000):
ǶԼ϶ϲһµʶҲ֪ʲô;
£ʲô顢ʲô뷨ѷսд
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̫õǣʵӦһ·ɣ֪ǲܻ᲻Ӧġ
ôˣȥ˵ϼݺΣ
ӼСͽܡѧӡǮΪһЩֵ÷зģ
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ϻһ¸ɵĳϣ̱2009728һר
϶ܴҶ֪ˣһ¾ǣʱͦ
ͦ϶϶һµС˵ҼҾһ
桶϶ֻʱܳˡⱾݴһͿԿ
ʶѧͳĻ̹ĺⱾ顣

ͦģ

ϸһ£ⱾһǰϽһ꣬
Էһ£ȷҿû£Ҳȫˣûڮ
ϵ˼ҶѼסݵģȻǰû뵽²з
£֪Ϊġ˿һȥġΪֹҲֻ
ϵⱾ͡ʮ꡷Լרҵӡѧ˽Ҳ
ڴˡϵרҵӡѧһ㶼ѧɹõ˺ܶӡѧѧ
ߵĿ϶Ǻܸߵġ־ڴˣЩ⡣

϶ӡѧѧɾ⼸ѧ⵽˺ܶ顣ѧʦ
ܱ˲ܣñӱɣѧˮƽ̳ܼ͡
ܱ˿Ϊԭּͽһˮƽģ
˵ҪܵͬҲ˼ҪĲ
ĻͳΡ磿͡ʶĻƾʲôͳ磿Լѧ
ˮƽ......Щ¶дúܺãɵĺݡϻ˵衣
⻰ȫִѧ߶רҵһλѧ˵Լоרҵ
ͺ˲ˣԼרҵĿͬʱо
ѧʣ򲻱һϰնԸĿ̡ңһ硢
ʱڿԴӺܶطͬϢͨ˼
Լ˵һЩСƨдһЩԭȴд
Ķ⻰еţӦһЩʵʱ˾
ȫܵġأרҵӡѧ̫ţߺ͹ѡֻ
ЩӲҪŪģʵǺΪ

ҵһμڵϣڴϣʱѲ̫ˣ۾
̫׼˵кܴһ
㣬ԣǹҲԱˣֻбеĹһǿ
ˣйԡԣԱʵҲѣΧܶС
ңһǾͿԣǲɡлһúƽ
壬һ񶼿Կй˾ǵĻǲԵģ
и---֣֣ͣʱйҪԵĻܼ򵥣֣
һߵޣҪԵĻ׵ģѾл
ԱˡͷҲñԣձռй
йһǲԣڶǲñԡ
ȫ......

һƣԽԽáһǣ㲻
ԱĹңǲǹҸ֣մߡ˭Ҫ
ǣҲձ......

ϵЩ˵ʷġʱȳйƽ𡱣һ
ֺеҲϹ塣ʱñΪѧʦļϴ
йĻԺдԣһüĿ˲йĻ
ʴȵĿʵԭ򡢺Ե˵Ļһ档

ǸǸĵѧϰǰĵѧϰĿ̿ྫȴ
û֪ʶĻɾ񡣼쵱İߣȷʵЩ
⻰˵һѧ˵......ܾﲻ֪˵ʲôãô˵
ôͼĻҲͬЩݡҲû̫ѧ
ʷʷʵڴѻƬսһֱڶһЩĿи
̵ܺۡ˵Ĳʵлȷܶమúƽ˵
ֻõ뷨Ŵйȷصѣ
йŴûԹĹûмӺˡϰйһû
һûԹĹҵģǸѧ⣺һҵ
˿ʱǱȻģκһҶ⣬ǿõĻ롢
ڸʵܽġʱҾдЩ£Ϊ
Ŀѧ߱һЩñӣҪ̸һЩԼ̫֪ĶȷʵΥѧ
ϣüϴһελϡ

ҲǼĲ֪ɣԸˣʷйΪ˿⾭
񣬰˿Ūĵطȥһͺ͵˷ͻìܼ
˾ͻᱬսʷżʡû˿⣬ҲΪʵۺô
ϲ֮ԭܱ߹ҡݹйʷżʣعԹ
ʰ뵺ϽԼİͼ峯ɴΪ̨ģ
أǺͰͻʴһ̣Ӵ
˳ǣԪŷǴ½馾ַɹžȫ
ûѻƬսʱڿӰѻƬսﻹλڿ
ӣҴ忪أ......Щʷ¼ʫʸ踳ʮʷ
һɵġݣ²ʲô
˼ǳġЩΪļ
Ҳ˵ȻҲǺˣǶڡл塱һԱ֪л
塰Եô֤ġ

ս⣬սҲʱʱıģɱ
ͳ˿ڣֻʣǰʢʱɡĻƳԪ谡
ҡԳɡֳüĿֲɱ²Ҷ˵ˡֻ˵һ£
ʷôʷСıξܵҪǿĽ
£ȴѪȷѹʱҿЦ......ǳ񣬶
Ǿѵдգ㱻˹ĽԪūެ۸С
ٱ۸ⲻӦ֤ˣС㣬СϺףǿʳȻ
ǿԸε淨йҲ⣬ҲûбҪ
εĽܺ۵ĵи˵ձйжôļһ˵
ʱ˵С۸⻰һߵ̬
ֵһ˵ʵ˵úƽ˵Ƕǿ߰úƽ
һǸϷ޵׾ԾȻֽϡһù֤Լ
޹СѹһǿʳĵͶ˵۲򵥰
ʲôʸ˵Լ岻ԣǿߣģ
ߵӰӣġˡСʱ˵
ǿʱҺͼֵ뷨һһô廹
ʵֻȡܺ۵һ֮ʣֻƭƭСӣ
Ǽϣ......˵ˣǺ˶......˵Ѫʷ
ڷ⽨ͳµ֪Сеͬߣ
޵Ƿ⽨Ĳ˵³Ѹ˵й˳˴һֱԵ
⻰һ£ѹ˴۴˵ȿʼһֱ
ѹ˽ʷѧ߸ò᲻֪Щ......

ʵйʷϼûԣҲûñԡơɡ
쵱ͳΣǺūţȴҲΪҡź
ʷõʷҫȴû̬ͬͬ鱻Եı
Щûʲôĵֿ¾
ǶĶĺˣҺҲ˼ūš֪Ӳñ
ԣйô֤ģϷġ޵
˵һһסʱװɵϲҲ˰ɣ

ϼȻЩѧߣΪйĻģĻˣж˼
ѧ......˵ܲĪɣ

йȻҪεĴӦôʡʵҪ壬
ܺҪǸΪл岻ԣһǲԣڶǲñ
ԣԼ޷˵úܺãؼҪҪѡҪ
Һñ˻ʷ۽һ

ǰҿӣѧӡǮ˵Ұѵǰѧٵ
߼ϣҪ֪Щ飬¶Ҫ.....ʮʷ
ɱüϿˣѪļϿ¸Ҫ......

˵ô໰ʵǱýáģû˶רҵֻ
Ǻ𾴵üһЩԼ򶮻򲻶ΪԼ˽װ档һ
ѧ߶ԣԼѧʱһءȨʵǱ
ģΪһֶǶѧߵ档ý岥ŵЩǶԷ⽨
ѹĳڸǣǶԱпȺĲ


ʵͷӺҲüϡ21ǶĻͣĻ
ȡĻռͳελĺ׳ôģ˿
һЩɢ£֪ˣ˵ĶĻԭָĿӵҡ

ϲΪҾмˡݺгӹͿ
ϥǣΪұ񡰺Ϊ󡱾츣й˺񣬸ƽ
룺Ӧúúÿһʷ˽һңç
µġ¡ʷ

Ͽô飬Ӧúܶй¡ڸµһ档
ʵе۾ϣֻϺͿЩӣҲЩ
èú˳һ˵ŵ硷
ɰһЩ

ټϣ

󣬶Ļ˵䡣

ʱΪ½ĺִ˹ٸޡ󷢲ǻ
˵Ӱĺִ𣿣ִȻֲ
塣Ҳ˲飬ԭִģBaiduĽִͣһԴ
ִ嵫ִַ˼ִ֮һּȼַ̳ѵĹ
ϵִһԴڹҵԹҵĸЧӦ˼ش
ִгֵİ˵ԡоḻԵ彩еһ
ԡġͬһԵȵ⹹ҲǶͳѧıʵ⡢
塢ζѧڳ߸˹塱ȵ⹹ִ
ͳѧִľ뷴ѣһ뷴δ
һˡ塪ġġ......

е֪˼һ
֪ʶܳиӾĿǰйһоой
ŴѧʵġҽϡѧߣǵġִͺԣйҲ
ѲִᡣˡִԵЩЦй
ҪȨƴ˴ͳĻף·й˽졣

ҲʲôôġΪ⽨ġУ˸˼
ǯ⻹ܸʲôһ˴ûûл
ѧһԪֻۣһ˼롱һжԴʥˣʵȨײ㣩ĺ
Ϊ׼ҵĶдЩʲôڽҪò֮
Ľ̻壬һ־ԵľơչǧѧͨϴԵıѵ
ͨڹͳνײ㲻ɵķӣЩûΪйչκһ
õѧʣһѧʽûеѧһѧ벻һ
⣺Ψ͹һԻȨҡβġġŻõ
İ֭ĹͷԽ޳Խõеš


ĻʱʱЦġ͡ŻˣҸɣ
粻ֲܿӼͶר
ΪǣҡͷβȨಽ֮ҲƣƷ
Ψжߡ˵߰ɣĻɳ֮¡
ǵͣһָ粻㣬˳͢Ȼ󲨡
ǰЩӵĻɳһγʱ˼ңܶû
ֱԪ谲ĺˣ˵Ⱥ֣
ҿˡգѧĹٷѧ˵ôһ
¡ѧ˵ɡ԰ƤʼƤաµָͳ
ǳζͶ

ҵϥǵǿֻǾÿЦ

һֲϣĻΪǴʾĻƸ֪
һŲŽﲻʥ״Ŀϳ춭涥Ĥݡ
ɵ̿......Ǹ̾ΪֹĹ½ġִ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧ缲ʲô

ߣ
2009-07-27Ļ㱨

йѧʷѧԺڱָѧ١ķ粨ûͣϢ㴫μ
λѧ̩ͬմϢǽסĵ׷һ̾Ϣ
ĸʦһͬԶȥĻʵѧסϽѧ̬ȡѧ
ٳɷ磬˭Ļ֣ʲôȣ

֢״  ѧٳɡ缲

ѧߵĵҪжĳУѧѧԺڸ
е77ƪģָȫǶĳλѧҡĳοѧʷĳ˼
Ľܣ˭Ҽƪο¶дóĳУѧԺʷ
רܱ20ǰġ䡷Ȼ1.1ֵ
ֻδģעԲĸΪš

ʦѧϵ̾ѧڽȻһַ
ԽԽҵơ߼ߣѧٵʽֶΡα
˺ܴġһЩУڣһЩУԺʿҲУ
ϮСƣð˵ǡ

һ  ؽĽ

մŴѧݵѴѧڵĴѧ
ȡ涨ʦǴӽʦΪڣҪƪģӸΪ
ڣҪġƶ£ѧʦĸû
˼úѧʡúôѧæˡ

ֹʦݱ˽⣬ٸУноѧλ뷢ҹ
ƶȣ˶ʿҵҪ1ƪʿҵҪ3ƪټһ
뿯AࡢBĿSCIEI׼ϵͳ
¼ǡϷʵġѧл涨ĸµҪʲôطǲ
 򡰹ˡˡʡ⵼ѧ
ꡣ

СгһλУоҿŵڵġĴ
ܶ࣬涼ǲڵѧУBBSϵС棬һ㿯ﵽ
Ｘʮ֣Ҫ۴ÿ150Ԫ2000Ԫȡ

Դˣѧйʷоѧ罨ίԱḱθ
۽Ϊйѧ֮磬Ӳ٣ȴ
ߣäĿ׷ϵһԾҲȻָѧ
ݿкܶ࣬ôҹֻѧкܶǴû
ùġҪǽΪѧơ

϶  ҪҪ衱

ڹ⣬ѧٴ̫󣬸ûʲô˶ԽһλӢѧ
߼ߣѧ淶ıѧλģƽĿ
桢γʱҪעӴĿжԱ
ֻҪһ̾䳭Ϯᱻʾֳܵɼȡѧλ߿
ѧĴ֡

ԵģйʽġѥɦĴַʽĳУԱ
͸¶ѧΪһ֣йزȿǵһȫ棬
ֻҪϼŲ׷ᴦڲңĿǰķ
ҲûȷƲѧΪߴɲصܵ
׷ؼٵĳɱʹ۶ܵͣջ٣ֶΪ

ڸۿϿɹ󣬡衱۸ߡ˵ʦ
ӦϳͲѧдгֵĲϽ֮ӦԽΪ
ѧ淶

  סѳסԼ

ΪעĿǣݡϮšߣ붥ԺյĹ⻷
ڡԺʿУ԰Уǵѧִʲٵ
߱ߣѧ١¼ƵнƵһЩ׶йأٱλ
ƵѧȨԱûûоѧ
ǻĵȴйӶ̼˸
ָĸ䡢١

ʦѧϵļѧƵ©ȴָ
ǱƸ˵ǵģѧˮްʱ˵ÿ
ֻСذѳԼ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

пԺֲѧίԱбҪ˲ǴԵ޵ѧλ֤

ߣᰮѧ2

пԺǴоԱĲʿѧλɲ˿վϽʾ
Ժ˿пԺֲоԱԵҲƵĲʿѧλ
ѶǺڽݿ˻Ϲо಩ʿѧλ⣬ϣ
ǺԳԵѧλδκһλ塣ѶԴ
ȻأΪŪʵ࣬زŶǴоԱԵ
ԱĲʿѧλֱ֤Ժ˲飬֤ʵΪѧλӦ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧİУҲɽկ汾

ߣcumter

200910йҵѧӭУ100У죬ɳ1909Ľ
·ѧáʷԭʮΰǨ1953꣬ú
ҵѧУӽƼǨѧԺԭУַѧúҵѧУݱΪ
ĺѧԭѧԺУַѧһѧ1909
·ѧһԨԴûУΪɶҲӭУ100꣬ųҹ
ʷϵһҵߵѧͺʡĸߵѧУȻͺ
ǰúֵ̿ԺУ񣬵ɽկУȷʵǷף
ӭǱİУ죬ʧȥȷʵѧӵġѧԼ
ʷ⴩ĵĻ̸δѧгʵŵѧӡ

ϸμַ

йУַhttp://100.cumt.edu.cn/

Уַhttp://xq100.hpu.edu.cn/xq100/index.html

·ѧýܣhttp://baike.baidu.com/view/1118788.htm

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

βһ

ߣǱˮ·

¡ڿ˼󡪡иڻʴ¡
(XYS20090726)Ի˵ʵɽȸʱȡչ
͹ҪĳɡʱơﵹΪòõλ

˿ӦкܶĿרңӦѲ³˵
ĿЧеֵEarned ValueԽȼЧָSchedule 
Performance Index, SPIĸEVȤ˿ѣﲻ׸
ֻٸӽʲôSPIԼĻô⡣

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Cost Performance Index, CPIҪ˵ģԱӰӵ㱧Թ̶Σ
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ߡʱбȽͳʵʹûжָ
ãֻҪõＴɡ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)



ߣԶ

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һƻһҵĹɡƷã벻档С
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ҹִΪⲻй棬ǸԼĲƷơܼ򵥵ĵ
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νдͳĦгĹ棬Ϊɴڸս
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Ⱥ壬ġһʵѾ֤Ь治ߣ
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ܴﵽߵЧĸãԼֵÿǣʹ
ҽǲЧ˵ƭ˵ġиֲģҽ
ԺǿϹߡĹ棬򵥵˵ǽ֫ɹǻǽضϣװ
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мˡ̫вˣߣϹٽӾߣ
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ÿһ,ǿ׳йˡ谷šĲƷΣƷųǿ
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ͲҩҲ޴̸κζáǵ߼

ԣʱһԵĹʱһǣ
ƭˣһȺĸԸƭ˵ֻҪǹ棬
ٶʼʵƭ˳ɷ֣ҵͷԶǹбز
ٵģǡ˳㡢޳ܡ˱ɶҼø
Ĺթƭ˳

ֻεĹʱй϶µĹ̨ϸ˵й
ϵҵ̨Ѵ̣ƷӣΪһĺ
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ݵ̨޳ܵһֹ棬ߴʦũĳũ
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ʩССݵũݹľ籾Ͱȴ治ɫĲر̨
ʡѹţ֪ĵߺڡ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

֪ʶҲԡۡ

ߣ˵
http://blog.sina.com.cn/sun999

ǰ쿴ʱʱ򣬿һƪ£Ŀǡ̫й
硷ǡ200810³ıҵڱѧѧڶ
˹廪ѧʷϵж綫ѧʷой
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Kai-shek)Ϊꡱ뵱꽫ӷɡ˹һޣ
ʷѧҡ˶йרѧоѧȨԺĻ֮ˮ׼
޴ǡ

渱ڱҵڱѧڶ˹ʥ˵ñѧѧ
廪ѧʷϵν̣α¶󣬱֮鸡ѧ֮
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ڷѾһѧʶµĴ죬һͶ
һࡰ׷󣬽ͳɱҪҲԸ
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֣ר־ϸ̣ɱߣҲϳҪδѧ
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֪ǰᷢͼ飬һˮġĽݡС֪רҽ̸ҽ
˵ϵУʲôѧѪ֬򲡡ĲҲһЩѪ֬
쳣ж׵ơȵȡ˼ŷһ¡ʵ
ʵ˵˷ӵġѧɾͽֵһ⣬ͼ飬ֱǡ
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˵Щı༭ԱЩĲ߻ԱںŪա򵥵ضգ
ӵıţͽŹռҽѧʶҪӡˢˡ

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ñ˸ñ˴ѧмֵĶ
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Щ֣ǣǵѧʶΪͣΪԼĳֳɹ
Ϊ˱ܹѧϰǾǷֽˡ

ڶҲһ֪ʶ⡣֪ʶѾĶҪռ
ռ֪ʶҪԶ߶󣬲Ҫ˵öԣҪñܹ
˵ԻֻԼܹרҵʿܹС򵥵
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ƷƷٽ˾õķչҲٽĻķչ˭ҲܷƷ
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ü۸ȥýǮȥʱļֵϵͶˡ

ǿһЩ۵ƷһЩԵƷǲô
İ취ȥһЩ۵ѧʺ֪ʶΪ֪ʶǲ۵ġ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ҩ

ߣ

ҩΪ֪ԭΪ֪˵һ˵ҩ2006
·̨ͨһڽĿ˼˵·޳˵
ڱףаԲҩĿáϲĲժ¼ݣ

ҩڹ㷺աںҽҩѧӡҽҩѧʹʳҽҩѧ۵Ļ
ϣͨʵγɵĶصҽҩϵǧʷҹ
ΪӰҩ֮һҩʷྭΪо
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ɫΪġݸĿ

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ѧֶν֤

֮ҽǾƾʷɫЧһſѧǲ
ڸӵȻּڶγɵҽѧйҽѧ
ҪɲšԣٶȰٿhttp://baike.baidu.com/view/128115.htm

ҽɫƷҩԡƷͿƷƷαƷ
ѪƷ೦ƷƷƷкƷԣҽҩ
http://www.zy999.net/

ɫרƣ  

Ѫѹ Ѫ֬ С   

Ѫ˨ Ѫ ή   

ƫͷʹ θ Ρ  

ҡ 硡ʪ ʹ  

  ಡ Ĳ   

   㡡   

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ǰ֢ Ƥ

ԣйҩhttp://www.zyao.cn/

һҲҵĵģ˵ҩǹ㷺ա
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ܽ˲ҩ嶨׼ԡҩִѧֶν֤֪ʲ
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ҽҩƷ簬ƷͿƷƷαƷ
ѪƷ೦ƷȵȣϿǲҽƷ֮

ģҽҩôಡ𣿻ҽһΰٲ
ʵʲôҲβˣ

뷽

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

йԳɷʼë󶫡ëʫ֤

ߣ

ΰëΪ׷ĦݵϯʫУһΪ˽ֵ˵
ǵġ. žռϾ

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ʫСϡһ䣬һֱԭĳϮƳʫ
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Ͼȫʫ8䣬һȫͬƶ12.5%ô

żˣࡶ˸̷ Χ¯ҹ Сļǡһ
Χ¯ҹУ280ҳȻС ˼ǲɣһ
䣬ҳϢ

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ݼ
ѧԺ:˸̷ Χ¯ҹ Сļǡƪԭġġ
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ĵĳϮƷ8ʫͳ2䣬Զȴ25% --- νϯϮ
֤ɽƨѧʦĭδ---ǿ˲ҽ

ʵë׳Ϯ֮ҲûףһʼҲóȥ
ɼܲסƨ̹Ȼ֮ˣйػ䣺

http://aanp.blog.sohu.com/115656476.html
Ӣëʱᵽôһϸڣ

194921ë󶫲ϽӵǰߴĽݱʮο22ҹΪ
ձױűžɳ23գ
ʦȫռϾͳй½22֮õĽʯ
Ȩҹëڱɽ˫ѶȻʻӾɡ

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Ӣȴ֮䱦ȡղ1963ëֱ༭ëϯ
ʫʡʱӢʫϣë󶫿Ц

ΰͷѹֺȫйѧ綼ʳϮԸ߷ˡ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ǳϮԣȨı˽ʵӶ
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ܷͷɱ۳ɵȨҪһļд
شٶ Ͷ顷һսȥҵԴҲҪд¡ ˳
£   

籾Ŀͷ˵һ׽ַѽգڽ⿪ˣ

Եľʵʷ

2009416дɣ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

а̡ԪͷĿ־ΪȻζЭϯ

ߣccilink

    аΪƭӡۼǮƣ⽨šΣᡣ--й
-H-ZFL֮Ȼʮֵǣһȡ޵ĵġ
Ϊ14к֮һġԪͷĿаʽαߡαѧ--
־ȻڹȡޡԪȻζЭϯҾ͸о
˶طѵרαѧƭӣǰν̳̩ΰ
թƭǮƣаͷĿ־顣ôҲֵ
·Ȼܵ߹پˣżȻ־ȻȻ
ȾӶЭϯһְǳ⣡ϣ֪˵˵

Ϊ£

1ѡйαѧʷ 

ɽԪĽ־鲻εЭϯְ񣬶ҵȫ
ЭίԱְڵĻŵ൥λǵ֯
Ա

,αѧռĿ.αѧ˫,,
걤,űʤ,·ȫ.йԪ쵼־,˺ʡ
Эϯ,ȫЭίԱδ. H ZҪȫЭδ

2

Ԫ־Ǯ  

ҷŵĿϣа̣аԻʵҶа
ĴǺбҪģܶΪа˽ⲻԲΪȻ۹Ͳ
˵ˣΣĿãЩа̣ΪƵţƭȺ
ڣǮƣȴһ¿˿ģѧһŽԪĹ
ԳǼ̾Ϊһ壬Ŀ츣ᣬ츣棡
־ճʱһУΪôͶԴҷģԪ
вҵԺڼģԪغɽ
ȫѧԱҪҾұ֤˵ԺؾǴҵļңɵ
ԪҵڴҵѪǮ֧·չÿ궼׬ǧԪĴŮ
ɽ˻صһҵĹ˾ܾңصſڵǹ
һӭһؼɽҪƱģƱһ
ǧƣҽȥмطо˵ǵĴųرǿǻҪ
5-10ԪƱйزⶨһĵطǲ
ǿģǾ˵صĴųȻرǿĿǶرãǱĵطȲ
ϵģɽǰǹеĵط־ΪԼ
ţҪļ״Ĵ˵ͨСĿǰ֪500֪
500꣬йֻͨʮ־еһĶ
ǼͨԪǲйѧо֯Ԫ
оȫΨһһйѧоƽ֯ǿ
ǰ֪500İɣǰ꣬ҲҪ˵ǰ֪500£
ذһԪֳͶʹǧԪʱ־黹˵ûǮǹ㷢żҪ
ѧԱǾͽǮܿںݸʦ־ļſڼʮ׵
طˣ⳧ľ׼ңŮļף
Ԫоĸ᳤һعڵĻĹ̶ӽģһ
꣬ǴֳͿˣ־˵װѳ̰ģǿһ
䣬ǳһҹյôһʱô
־ǰ֪500ĹͲأҵʱżһиߵĵ
Ǿһˣ־ĸףĹ߰ɣôͿһ
Ͷǧĳ̰أôоԳǧѧԱƣ
ѧѵͼڣѧ˼ˣÿѧһҪ⽻һѧ
ѣҽѧѶǧˣҵѣϢķãĿԪ
Ǯƾǧˣǳ˺Ԫоʦֽһ
ԪƳؾĴŮˡҲ־ʮſ
ĿڻкܶѧԱʵҿ룬һ
ʦƴľǮΪʲô־ʮΪƵ壬
ͨԪоǧѧԱǮڼ,ЩӦ
ڼĲƲûой֧Ŀȥһȴǰ
ǽѧѣ飬Ŵ¼VCDȵȵѶ
ݣǼǼʮڵ뵽ûн˰أԪо
˵һ嵹˵ǱʲôڱȽϴһжԪķ
ᣬ־黹ڵյӣĿʲôأˣ 

3

ԪΣ  

ԪΣǺôأԪôķչжΣǴ
,һЩ,Ԫ˵ѧԪ߻ħ,ԪʦͿ
־ڹݰʱ˵:һľΪ˵,Ϳ־˭?
Ⱥ־һѧϰĽʦ!ҲɽѧԱ
ⱻľε!ѧԪ߻ħ?һаͱħĹ
ѧ˲߻ħ?Ц,Ԫƹ,ҳʲô?
һЩϲ˵ľǣѧǲ߻ħġ
Ǿͻ˵ԼûҪȥ߱о񲡡õĶԼ
ɵģĶѧԱҵģ˸оµľԪͨ
Ǽ̾һĹ,Լν"߹",ø
ΰԼװһȴ󱯾һĵ¸,,
͸,2005,ڹֹԪ,־
㱣ƷټȫԪ˿,Ԫо
ɢľ,ͨȫԭѧԱԪıƷ,ôԶ׼,
һ,̴Ǯ,,԰ȫѧԱͨƷۼ!ԪѧԱж?
ǧ!Щ!ȫѡ,ô,żҾͿͨЩסѧԱӰ
ǵļ,ôѡƱ,żҵõ˴λ,ôԪȻΪ
,һаѾħĹųΪ,ôȫȫ
Ĳ,ΪԪǼ崫еģеԪѧԱܵżҵĻ
ٵĿƣѧʦĽʦѧԱĹֻܱһ꣬һ
ָѧԱôȥѧһ飡Ԫƣƿ
ֱ׵˵ǵϵۣضԪоᣬɽԪ
оҲ˵ǶĶǷֻᣡǣǿܶһ
оǶ𣿣ԪǷʮ㻹ѧֻ
ԹعԪоḺԪ۱Ԫѧĳ棬᳤̻
־յʽĹͷĴӣһһѧԱ˵Ҫȥϻ
²μ浮ʱ򣬾ȻԶ˵ѵ浽ʱ
Ǿʦص𣿣оỹɽԪоĸ
ӹЩȫصѧԱɽԪоֶͨʲ
ô̸һƵһңżҼп
ͻΪһʵĻʵۣҽĿֹܻڻȨܵȨ
ҴԪ־ԪĺģôЩѧԱΪ
ķǱˣ־Ҳ˵洫ʦʦκʹȨԹ
ͺĺͺֵģԪչȥ᲻漰Σżô
ǮƺľۼΪʲôҲ֪ȴ֪ôǮ
׵Ķʵڲ޵˵Ϊһһձгȥݷʣ˵
Ҫ˳ȥɽιۣʦ͹Աڳ¥ǰųţÿ
ﻹһ֧С죬еӭ߾벻Ҫôй˵
ֱǰЩеӭӽһǸձгˣ
Ȼ˼ҵƨҲûϰһ߹µĴɣʱҾԱ
˵Ԫ£кôģЩû
ΪʲôѴճ̰ˣɽڵĻвٶ
µʩӳаģˮﰡڵԪĳ˹̣
ôÿһ˶ܳΪΪħṩˣΪ־
һЩӽһЩԪѾħˣ־Ҫ츣࣬
츣棬ôһȹɵԪо
֧ϸϹԪѧԱ־˵Ԫо
вƲȫԪѧԱУô빫֧ϸɣԣԪ
500ڲյ˵ԺŶѪ׺
֮вȫ̵ƽ̵λӴ𣿼ȻҪ
ȥ˽İɣ   

4

Ԫ־ν"Ԫҵ"Ĺ

Ԫۣ־иǻ۲˼顢Ҫ
棬Ȼѧѧҽѧɹ᲻?!Ԫ
Ҫնˣ

 ҽ־ϱУҽֹԪҲǻʵֺ
ִչѧȻѧɹܲ?Ҫ
ˣûѧ

 ־ĺƷʯƬѲԪӰӣԪ
ӪұƷЩְҵĶмһˡԪų
һУĴǴ֪ۡȾȥˣ

 ־˵Ԫǿٵصҵδռȫ硣Ƶʱ
˺ͣѧԱʱҴͶԪҵԪ츣ᡣʵԪ
ѧѧСԪΪҲûʵʵĳɹѧԱҲҪΪ
βѣ־鵱һᶥǧˣҲʼκʲôˡԪ
αѧѧ˵һᷢҵӦûԽԽ
ܡ⡢֧֣ʵԪѧԱľԽԽ٣ʼơԪ
Щһϡʱ˺͡Ҫһµı
ҵ

 Ԫ񹦡ĻڣԪûôͨ£뾡
壬Ŷᡣ

5

һӴԪ20ѧԱһЩò˵ĻǴ88ͲμԪ
ѧϰˣǰ5-6νܹ־Թᶥμӹһʦ
ͶԱѧϰտʼӴԪʱ־˵ʲôԪǼ
̾һĹʱҲܿģΪ˸߹ˣ
Ԫоʦ־ġ߹¡ʱ˵ʲô־Ѿͨ
С죬ǰ֪500֪꣬500꣬йﵽֻ
ʮüһôߵĹԪоҲ˵־Ѿ
֤֤ˣԪоһвƲڼУԼŮɽ
̫жˣǰĸ˷ܰû˵ʱҴﾴ
־飡ģ֮ĵĸ鰡ںܺڣ˵ʲôԪ
̾һĹʵأڡйԪ
һ˵ģҽн𵤣ҽԲ־ԭҿ
йԪһҵܺԲᲢ𣿳̸
ǳͷβаԲеԲʱľ磬ǽֵͼο
ԱȵģʲôȽϸ߼ܶȴŶѣ
ĴУμ̾һ壿οʲôǷ˵ĳ
ķԪԸĵģйԪһ˵Ԫ
ڡڼڡʲôģ޾ģǼ
־ͰӷģǿԸԼԸ(ھҿȥ
<<˵Ӿ>>йؾķ) ɽμһʦѧ
ϰʱ׶ڽ̿εĽʦ˵־ûʲô˲ģʱ
ǧǧ˿ɶԺʦ˻ȥҲôЩѧԱĻ
ⲻǰѧԱ𣿣̰ǵ򣡽˭̳ģѵ
־ԲҵһβμӴԱѧϰȥһ
һλ80ĸɮ(ʱλɮѾ80꣬ʱԿ
ǰ) ̸ԪҰԪָ˳
ʱ(־ǣμӴԱѧϰͿԴָųһŹ) 
ɮȷĸңǺ꾫ĶҸңԸ԰
ҺڰʱôûţǸɮǶԵģԪȷʵǺ
꾫Ķ־ڽʦ˵ִɷġ
ΪʲôҪô˵أΪԪ˵ԪʮԪʦ
ģ־˵ִɷģ
һͰԪᵽͷһ߶ˣЦȲ˵Ԫʮ
Ǵִģ˵ôɷģҿȥ𾭣
ôɷģǳɷķǷɷŴķ
編ʵ࣬Ƿȷģҿȥ<< >>һ
ΰľ䣬ҿ˴žͶ˵ˡԪȻ˵Ǽ̾
һ壬ʵϣ𾭣һѧϰ˵ڵ
ģһϣߣָЩ˵һ
ӳɵӵģˡ־黹˵ԪĲ֮أ
ǰǲ㽲ģȻˣô㽲ΪԪģ
֪ˣǻԾͳ˲֮ˣʵô
أ<<̳>>Ʒ˵úףʱ͵Ŀ<<
>>,ƷƣһžļǶһ
ɲǶļˣˣڰƷмأΪڵ˵
Ħڭۡʱ˵ž۽ ɲǼ䡣Ԫ˵
һ£ȴУҿԶ࿴ڵľۣȻˡ־
Ԫоĸ֮һ࿪Ҳ˵ѧԪѧżΪʲôҪ˵
ԪǼ̾һĹأΪй˴ŷ
̣żҰԪ˵Ǽ̾һĹһѧ˾
ˣΪʲôһҪôأӶˣǮͶˣбĺô
ֻ˵Ԫʦţгɷ˵ûаɣͽǧ
һǷĲɷһλɷԪʦ
ûгɷİɣȻûгɷҲ֪Ԫʦ
μ𷨵ľڼģȷ˵ǷˣԪɽ
ɽβϳ˼ƯëΪԼȷ˸ΰˣΪԼ
˸ԽˣⲻЦ𣿺Ц̾һ壬Ҫɽ
һɽ˼ƯβǷ𣿷Ƿ˵ĳɷķ
Ƿķ˭ôȥģ

(XYS20090728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

֪ʶʽα

ߣ˭˭˵

ڶйĽ̸ʽӦԽǱȽй
ӢȹĽĲͬǻᷢǵͯѧϰǿֵģгԣʱ
ѧϰԼϲ飬ڶѧ棬йѧԺܺã
ۺʾԶԶˡ
ʽʱǿԵѹ̫ǵ
Ϊ˿ԶеģڹѧҲǺҪģԳɼ
Ҳ䶥ѧ׷ġǾ˵йĿע֪ʶĿע
ΪʲôͲأǵʽ
ڿչΪи̵ԭ

һ˵ĳȽĽȻǳҪ֪ʶҲǱز
ٵģЩ֪ʶĽǽĽݣԾĹ
ߣ뾡ܹĶǾѹ֪ʶݣǱ
Ҫ֪ʶ󣬶ϸӺͷ֪ʶʱ
йĳȽ֪ʶϣظҡ

ȿǵģйϹյģΪͬ
ĸֱȣйСѧǱѧԼ2000-3000֣
Ӣֻ26ĸӢĴʻҪǵĺʻҲҪ
ӢĴʻҪ൱ģǻĳ֣ھ֪⺺
ɵĴ˼ʹøúֵĴﻹҪѧϰǶ
ǵСѧҪĴѧϰĴʻͬģ
3000ֵѧϰ䣬ǵĺͼдǺܸӵģѶȺܴ
ЩѧϰĸʱǿԺԵģھǶһ
ѧϰ乤ͬʱǻҪע⵽ǵĺּҲƴ
Ѻܶ࣬ǵĺӵĲֵѧϰǺܴıĶѧϰ


ǻҪעǵСѧǱҪѧϰģǲѧ
ڼִ߸޷գҲ޷ѧϰ
Сʼѧϰӵѧϰ൱Ȼ
ӵӢ̶֮޷ȣĸﰡѧ֣ѧ
Լ֡

˻ᵽСҲѧһЩﻹҪעǶͬһϵ
ԣϵնϵǰһԣչ֣
ʱйķԣǻҪѧϰģйĹĵĲ
ŷһǧǰŷ޷ǰͬһԡҪѧϰҲ
СģٿǶڹĵѧϰ

һǵɫǱѧϰοεģҲ
ҵĺûеģοҲ˵Ƿȳɷֹӵ˼
άѧϰݵӣҲǲٵġ

ѧϰһƣѧϰƵһģҲ
һ𣬾йֶ߼ǱȽѵģΪû
񡢱ʱ̬̬Ը߼úʱǲ
ģҪںӸѵǿӢĳ䣬ԴӸʱ̬
̬к֮߼ϵҪжʱǰ󡢽
ԼǷȹϵ͸ѵöࡣ

ǾͿԿѧȣӱйѧ⺢
ӵĲ𻹲Ǻܴ󣬿ǶĿƣǴĲͬǵĿƵġ
Ρţ൱һŵ֪ʶ󣬶ĵѧϰ
ĸֵѧϰϣǵĺӵĿƵ֪ʶѧϰ
ӵıĿƺƵķڹǾȵģôڹ
Ƶʵʱؾͱһϣ֪ʶѧϰһ
ģôйҪѧϰ֪ʶӵһϡҪ֪ƽһ
Ĳʵ̫޴ˣ˾޴ͳƽĽǧ
֮ͿԵĲ𣬲ٷ֮Ǿ޴Ĳ𣬶100%֮

йѧϰ֪ʶıȹĺӶ100%ôӱȹĺ
ʵʱ100%ļ٣Ͽ϶мĲ㡣
ӱѧϰ֪ʶӣˣʱ䡢˽ʱ䡢
˼ʱȵȾҪӣôܹҪڽ
õıأ

йĿƵ֪ʶյƣɵĲƽӰ죬
ǴһͿԵؿСѧ꼶Ժĵ־ͺˣ
꼶ʹõѧУõѧĵҲǺ飬
ʹģҲ䲻ȫѧ˳Уڶ
ѧֻǺ׵顣оǵŮĲĿƵŮ
һֱǿռơ

ӵĿԲܴͳƽĻϿ
һģôĿƿˣ֪ʶԵѧϰˣԵġ˼ԵĶ
Ȼ٣ҪںӵѡϾͳ⣬ơ
ʸߵĺСʱ֪ʶԵѧϰʾƣʱǱ̭
Ҫ֪йСѧѧںӵĿҲǼصģ翼Уʱ
ѧֻѧϰһֻܴ꣬ľĺĺû
ûкѧӽķչǴĲһġ

һǵĺһδεĿУûеѧԣѾ̭
̫أΪǵ֪ʶ󣬼ҪߣڽСѧʼ
õĺӾռƣʸߴĺӲѧϰϲմ⣬
ƤʦżԵСѧѧĲĺӾûϷ
ĺõСŮռƣԱҲ⡣ǲҪʮĺ
ʲô콵˹˵־ػڰ༶棬ӵĳɼμ⣬
û㹻Ҳ˵ʦڼСչˣԼԼû
ˣԼԼˣԼŬȻҲǵṷ̋ӵ
״̬պѧϰɼͷչҪĽƫʲ
ĺСѧĵ꼶ΪܳΪѧ˳˾

ҪʽҪʿԣǾǳȽ֪ʶǵ
Ա븲Щ֪ʶ󣬽ƫؼĿռλ
ĽйûʸߵĺӣйĽϵ£ĺ
Сѧʱͱ̭ˣСѧǼõ֪ʶ͵ĺռݾԵ
ƣʸߵĺܹо޴ѧϰ־ϵģʵ
̸ʺӦԲϵ⣬ʺõĺӾ
ϵԳͷ

йĽΪĸǱģӢΪȫͨҲ
ģǼӢﻹǲȱٵĹߣЩҪӾ
գΪǼѧϰݵĹߣοǵģ
йʽΣΪ֪ʶԽֱ̫࣬ڽ
ڽУǲϵ˵ҪʽʱӦӸǵ
ڽ֪ʶԶԶĺӣڴ˵ʽϰ
Ȼǵİ취ںܶרǣʵûжĸʶ
̸νʽǿ̸

ЩΣıʾйľλã
ʢй֮ǿҪѧϰĶǲҪѧϰͷˣ
ӾͲǽɵѧϰˣеĺܹѧϰʱ
͸࣬Ĳھ޴˿ڻϽеͳƽ֮ǵĺ
Ĳûа취ҪģǾûӵ
ͯ꣬ҲҪģ᲻úӣ͹ҵľ
ǻҪԿԷӦʽֻı󣬱
֪ʶĻءϵأʵǵȫ
ȣ븶׷ϵĴۣ

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۵ڵСк̸

ߣPulse

1998һձѣޡŮҲ
һСк·򡣷ǳԾ˵йЩϻ
ˣһйΡձöŮ
ʿźйλǸѧġ

һΣձͬ죬һͻȻ˵й̵ã
ڻؼǵˡࡱ֣ҺΣһӲ֪ν
λͬµĻʱһλͬ˵ˡ̵³ǶԵġλͬ
ռѧҡ

شС㡢̵ȷʵǲϰߡشС
ǵĻйϵġСʹɿ㣬ذʺ
С·Ժ󣬾شСˡĺôһС
ƨɲʪʰ㡣ũ塢ûзˮӦ
ִͥСķʽǺʵġ̵أҸойءں
ձʪ󡢿еĳ٣̵١йı
̵Ƕࡣ

ĸƣ˵ʽҲӦı䣬֮ƽ
Ҫ󡱣Ӧûɷִϰߡ

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