                          ˿µϣ20081208գ

08.12.08, ӾͿܿ
08.12.08, ˼¡ɡҪȡ𣿡
08.12.08, 㡶㽭ѧ˸߲SCIģ
08.12.08, MilliйԺԺʿоСһͶ
08.12.08, ꡶Ҳ̸ʦѧѧԺԺѧ١
08.12.08, ֽʦʦѧѧԺôˣ
08.12.08, ڼҡ֣ݴѧ·һ˾Ԫ973Ŀеĳĳ˭
08.12.08, immusoulѧ˼άʽİ
08.12.08, ѧռǡΪ˭ԡ
08.12.08, ١˫ر׼
08.12.08, c61ƪƤú˹̹Ĺ¡
08.12.08, ѧչۡҽĸ
08.12.08, Ρҩܡ㶨ʲôҩ㶨ʲô
08.12.08, ųС䰮Զҽҩ
08.12.08, ࡶҽҩߡѭ֤֮·
08.12.08, Ƽ¡ABaDAĽ˼ά
08.12.08, ߹ŲùԺʿͷ

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ӾͿܿ

1֪ĿҵǺܷģΪ֮
һйĴֲϡٶԣǵĿղƷԵʾһг
þ޴ĳɹֲҪԭʲôأгǽ
Ļ?ĸҪģ

ƵأҲдͳءϿѧоľ
ṩʽԴ˰ˣҪܵ˰˵ļ
ԴӱԼоĽǶȳĿѧбҪù
˽ǵоĿлù˽ѧΪһҪ
ɻȱճӴͳϿѧռʶѧҶ
ͬʱĿңΪҵǹΪѧҵǴ
Ŀ֪ʶ׼ȷӱıܶ߻ӭ
мʮϰᶼγһ޴Ŀгɴ˴
˸˲Ŵ¿մγѭ⣬
رǿרҵ֮ߣйĿͬնר
ҵĿңΪѧеùߵѧλ

2ôڿյ״ͷչƿ

һйĵλܵͣˡСơǵĿУ
ͯģ˵ĳǿң͸˵ĳǶͯѧһ
ҪҵһΡйѧҲԸ¿աйѧҵо
ģûзȨйѧǲڽ
ԼĹıҪѿչ˷ʱ䡣йѧҲûγ
ŪīĴͳ⻨ʱռרҵ֪ʶĺ٣ⳤڴĸ٣
ͨıʺõĸëǣʱΪӦдЩ£Ҳ
ͨ߿סйʺܲйĿд
һרҵûܹѧѵ˿άţ
֮ģ֮Ϳ֪ʶ֮¾ɣˮƽ֮£ҲͿ֪ˣҲѹ
αѧɿҲһʱˡġѧ˼С񱱴
廪һЩųоѧտۻȨĽڣʵڴ
ѧ˼ڹǸ޽еĹ塢Ϊйմˮƽ
ʵ̫Է洴ͳйճĴƣֱ
ʳĵزĬĬŵƽӹ糱
ҲҲΪˮƽ̫
̣ˡйճĸ·һĿңҪ
ѧ硢硢Žͽͨģһ
Ամƫ

3йƼ߽ٱĲ
ȥôЧ

մӦѧ硢гΪֱӲֺ
Ҫճ澭ѣûӮѹû
ĶΪϵĳ񣬼ʹƷҲûˡ
ӦҪڿճݷ档

4֪ѧ𣿶кοԼʮк˽⣿

ҽܹûôעһҲϲɵСȦӣ
˵Ǽʮ֯Ȥڽ¶αѧʱ׫Ĺ
ҡ

5˹רҵʲôɼͿЩ»죬ֿ
յǲڹڿѧг

ǵġĪҲﻯѧʿѧλ¿дû
ôڸɵ˵ѧ٣ôң


6ÿն˵ʲôҵĻʲô

ӦǸҵɡڵйԣյҪ˿ȿе͡
Ҫִ̣ѧӦóΪƶһ̡
Ϊ¿ջһøãӵҲ

7ʲôɶƵ飿ֵʲô

뻰޹صġҵڡ޾ˣ
˼涼ɡҾھʹ״̬:-)

(XYS20081208)

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ɡҪȡ

ߣ˼

ǸʲôѧʲӽʦȺǰ䲩Ϸ£ʹ
׵غţѧȻ󲨡һЩĺ
ɺֽýԴ´ﱨȴûһ˶
ĻǷʵ

˴۾ǣ126䲩ַ͸¶Ƕ֮ǰ˵
""ñԭԼԼϵģԼ쵼̸۵Ľ
ƣУ쵼̸Ҫʵڿ"ֹ"""
顣ȻǰУ߿˵ΪԼԱѧ淢"
""//"֮ĲϵĲȻھͨ
ߵĲѡ͸¶ʵѧ"û"
ѧһӺųɺ"ʿ"֧֣ͬ˵ֺ֧ͬ
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ȺߣΪӢۣܵٱ"""
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"

߿кܿ϶ؽ¶ٱŮѧΪŮ
ѧйĻȴ˵ܿ϶ѧ
ֻ"²"֮"ʵ"Լ"²⵽"ٱ߹
ϣΪ""ΪΪ̵ӡͨ"
ѧٱڷ"Ĺ£ڳΪ"û"ѧ"¸ҷ
ͬ"޹ĺȴҪǵͨ
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һҪΪܱ绤ΪӢ۱滤ˣΪ
Ӣ¸ҳԼĴǿɾġӢд¿ɲ
Ϊ˳ԼݺѧΪ̸̸Լĸܡ
Ӣȶѧ"˼"֧ʾжȻƾ
ߵĿμᱻɱ굽йƵУ
"쵼ǷӦû˼·ˣ"

ΣӢ۸ǽ߿µһЩʵһΣ
Ϊ˶""ڱʾ壬Ϊ"߸Ȩ""
" һ¡Ϊһѧ˴"ë"ڱ
ڶΣ˵ӵ쵼ģ"Ϊ쵼
˭淢"ȸ쵼塣̶Թ֮""ذ
һŮϣΪ̫ӡ̵̫Եʣһ
йΪ̫˵"ǶλŮ
ͬѧ淢ģӦصǸ"ڳϴ

ϴѧŮΪͬԼʦһЩ۵㣬ͱԼʦ
ĹܵʦȻܵѧӵ֧֣Ϊ"¸
ͬ"˼ʲôѧʲôʦ
ڸ̾ѧûж˼ʵȷʵҪ
Щû˼ѧн򲻵ò˸е

йҪĽĽҪûƶҥͻܴ
ɺйΪģСʵ
˴۽硣Щɵν֮
¿ѧҫԭڴ˰ɡ˱һţ׬ȡ
ͬԼ൱¶˽Ʊ磺ٵô
ˣֻҪܸϾУǵαʵдգҲ
˵"ֶ"ɡһƪþ
˵һ㣬ЩʵͬѪνҪͨ
ͺ˵˵ɺҪǴδ
Զ

йҪʵɣҪÿѧĹâҫҵĽǽ
䣬ɢ֪ѧĹУǲѧ˼
ǷǣͨɵΨһ·

2008127

ʦȺƪ£

һhttp://www.xys.org/forum/db/4/86/60.html

ѧŮ""ʦȺڲԭ

챻쵼ȥ̸˵ϡŴεѧֺнί
ң˵Ͽʱ̸"//""/"ݣ
顣ЦԷǣѧѧȻĻʱ˼·һΪ
˸淢ʦΪԲֶΡɱ⼸йĴѧ

ǵϡŴʱҵȻһЩйصйͳĻ
ĳЩͳĻ뵱һЩϵĻҲϵ
˵̸"//""/"ǲ̫ˣбҪ𣿺ο˲
"ȦȦ"ҲûнӴ"ȦȦ"һ仰һ̸߱"ȦȦ"


ǵ¿ʱжλŮͬѧң߿ָôйĻ
۾ѾˮȰйĻйͬѧҺܾ壬
ȨΪʲôҾûйĻȨأҸ
ǣҲзԼȨǲԸҵĿΣԺҪѡ
ĿξˡϣǾȻȥңͼӴ׵ظһЩ"Ī
"Ҵ۾

Ҫ֪˵峯ĩܻ꣬ţҪ˵
"塤"ʱڣͲˡ֪ʱ꣬
Ѿ"""""Ȩ"һ㲻ᷢĹ
ˡȴȻʱ21͵йҾͷйĴѧ
̫˷˼ˡ뵽йѧУзһϵй£ֻĬĬ
Ϊйʲôʱй߳й
죿йѧܱȽ˼ά

http://shiqun2007.blog.sohu.com/105971565.html

Ӧø̸̸Щĸ 

뵽ҵôᷴ죬ЩҲ˸ѹ
һѾҪллЩҶʶѣд
ӡҲҪллýļߣزɷáй
ʵҪллУһЩʦѧҵ֧֣ģ124
գرжġйʷǰ08Űͬѧݸ
һŷ⣬װһźؿͼֽǩͬѧǵ֣ؿ
Ϸд"͵ڣǲǿˣԼףԸ
彡Բʥ죬֡ҡؼᶨ֧"еͬ
ѧֽд"Զģ""¸ҷͬˣ""
֧""֧ʦ"һСֽϣһλûͬѧд"лл
ҸеѧЩѧӡ"

ͬѧǵĿƬֽıжˣ鲻Խӯ
ңʱҲ˼ˮҶѧ˵"лл"ʱͬѧ
ġεѧǰͬѧҲ
ʾ֧֡û뵽ͬѧңҸеޱȵο
˵ͬѧﻹǺŵģ֪ѧӦݣԼ
Ƿļֵжο֮࣬ҸᶨҪȥľģΪ
ˣΪ˽ĸĸǴѧʦԴ

йʵ飬ܿڡϷб϶ܿ
ܿ泿ȱϱҰѡŴҪһ
εĿμ˼ߣ϶ܿߵ绰ңǷϣ
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οԭойʷеǰ״ʱܲ൱
ۡ¼ʶսýǰصļУһ֧
ɫĶ飬ֻϧ̫ܵΪУרҵʦ
쵼ǷӦû˼·ˣ

ֻ£һΪʲô"ͬѧǷ""
"ģⲢ쵼ҵģҵۡ룬
ҪУ쵼ʵҵ"//""/"
Ǿ"߸Ȩ"""ʵֻ1997꡶̷
ǰһֵĸʵݲûжٸı䣬ǲʵ
ͬʱΪսѧһ꼶ѧ˿̶ļƣǲǺ滹
ˡϵ"ë"߾֮£϶һЩʲô²
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ǷλŮͬѧ淢ģҲֻҵĲ²⣬Ҳܿ϶Ϊ쵼
˭淢ģֻܲ²⣬ʵ˵㣬ΪԤϲ
ᷢչز֧ҵ""ǲʲô
ġҺλŮͬѧĶԻֻѧУߵϽһӶû
ע⵽Ҳǵݣ֪ǵ֣Ϊ
¸̵̫ӡ󣬱дʱдȥˣֻߴңڸս
ѧѧлߣйĽ⡣˵
ǣǶλŮͬѧ淢ģӦصǸΪûԤϵ
ô

(XYS20081208)

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㽭ѧ˸߲SCIģ

ߣ

˵㽭ѧӹһίõĿ࣬SCIҲѳ
廪ͱһѧΪһչ
Щǿϲɺص¡ǽżȻһйϡн빤̣Ӣ
RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERINGSCI¼Vol. 37(2008) Suppl. 2
־󣬾طһءҲҲҹѧδʼˡ

Ͽѧ뻯ѧѧԺHڸڷľȻ31ƪ
ϸĶժҪӢܶ඼ͨThe results show that the 
as-prepared boehmite sol is a stable, transparent sol and the sol 
particles has well crystallinity and fibrillar shape with the size of 
60 similar to 100 nmһԭͨ֯һڻ飬Ȼɻ
֯֯󣬻ͶֻҪȫա־ֻ
ǮԸȻĵҲΪ󱯰Ϊ
ѧδеıǿϣSCIRARE METAL MATERIALS AND 
ENGINEERING־

ǷĲĿ

1: Low-temperature preparation of TiO2 films and enhancement of 
their photocatalytic activity by organic semiconductor. ߣYang H, 
Shen QH, Gao JW
2: Photo degradation on Rhodamine B for anatase TiO2 sol under UV, 
visible light and IR. ߣGao JW, Shen QH, Yang H
3: Effect of sol concentration on photocatalytic reaction of 
anatase TiO2 sol. : Yang H, Ning HS, Gao JW, et al.
4: In-suit preparation of cubic anatase TiO2 crystals and its 
photocatalysis property on Rhodamine. ߣGao JW, Yang H, Shen QH, 
et al.
5: Influence of acid catalyst on crystalline microstructure and 
photocatalytic property of TiO2 sol . ߣCai ZQ, Gao JW, Shen QH, 
et al.
6: Reparation and characterization of transparent boehmite 
(gamma-AlOOH) sol. ߣShi T, Guo XZ, Yang H
7: Preparation and properties of methacrylate crosslinked silica 
coating. ߣCai HH, Yang H, Li HY, et al.
8: Anatase TiO2 film with flake crystals prepared by a sol-gel 
method without high-temperature heat treatment. ߣGao JW, Yang H, 
Shen QH
9: Organic-inorganic hybrid film modified with silica and alumina 
sols by sol-gel method. ߣLu JJ, Guo XZ, Yang H
10: Microstructure and photocatalysis kinetics of calcination-free 
TiO2 film. ߣGao JW, Yang H, Ning HS, et al.
11: Preparation of TiO2 sol containing anatase-rutile mischcrystal 
grains and its photocatalytic activity. ߣYang H, Shen QH, Gao JW
13: Preparation and fluorescence properties of rare earth 
inorganic light conversion agents containing Eu. ߣGuo XZ, Yang H, 
Zhang XH, et al.
14:The fabrication of the hydrous alumina powders by the sol-gel 
method. ߣLi DY, Yang H, Lian HS, et al.

(XYS20081208)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

йԺԺʿоСһͶ

ߣMilli
 
12004꣬22007꣨ȫļ12ʹ
õҩͬ1ʹõҩΪ飨30 90 270mg/kg
2ʹҩΪ270mg/kg顣1ı1ͱ22ı1ͱ2
270mg/kgͬ仯Ӱȫһ¡Կ2Ĳ
ȫ1һƪ𿪳һƪö֮ķˡ
1Ϊ9732 863

µĻ飬ֻҪԭһ°װܽ
ˡ

1: Wang Z, Du Q, Wang F, Liu Z, Li B, Wang A, Wang Y.
 Microarray analysis of gene expression on herbal glycoside recipes improving
deficient ability of spatial learning memory in ischemic mice.
J Neurochem. 2004 Mar;88(6):1406-15.
PMID: 15009641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: Wang Z, Du Q, Wang F, Xu Q, Liu Z, Li B, Wang A, Wang Y.
 Large scale analysis of genes contributing to the herbal preparation dependent
hippocampal plasticity in postischemic rehabilitation.
Vascul Pharmacol. 2007 Nov-Dec;47(5-6):319-27. Epub 2007 Sep 15.
PMID: 17945543 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

(XYS20081208)

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Ҳ̸ʦѧѧԺԺѧ

ߣ

ǰ˿ϡʦѧѧԺԺһͶ
ԡһͷϲӡϲվ¶ѧΪ
ǸֻǱɽһǣѵǽڽ¶ѧϻҪ
ѭͱ³ѸйġѶ

˻ͬ⡰һͶĹ۵㣬Ϊ2002귢
ġ19ӢС˵Ľ׼λζĹϵ͡ζĽ׼
_Ӣ1960С˵һķƪ¸һƪ
ĸͷ档ӦȷһͶıͨƭȡѧʱ
Ϊ

ǶڡԡʵڲҹͬνӡԾԣѵ
ΪJanice Carlisle2001귢¡THE SMELL OF CLASS 
BRITISH NOVELS OF THE 1860s׼ζ1960ӢС˵Ӣ
׫дֻǡӡʹҸ˹й䡶˫Ǽǡ
İȨҲֻͷ

ʵֻҪڵºJanice CarlisleԱȣа
ͻ᲻ݸĺ󣩡ݹڵƪ£ɶ䡢ǧ
ֵԣνĿŵӼ߰ߣһѧ꼶Ӣרҵѧ
ֱܷʵôֻǡӡ

ӵǣڵġζĽ׼_Ӣ1960С˵
һķ2002귢ڶʦѧѧԭлĿ
ʶһľȻΪѧоʮ塱滮Ŀ[ 01JA750147 - 
99007 ]׶ԳɹȻƭȡƻƪһΪ
ֻһƪΪƻĿĽ׶ԳɹҲ飬
ƪһ¶Ϊ׶ԳɹĻһǵķŪɳ
׾ڴˣǿҽ顶͡ʦѧѧ賷壬
׷ƻ𡣵ȻϵλΪʱڽѧ
ɹ롱ڶӹΰʹɲشˣ෴Ӧöڵ
Ϊ轱ͱá

ǰѧԺʼ2009˶ʿоıСĹʾͬ
ѧĿࡣں˽൱һֳɼԺ˵
ͬѧȴɽȻɼͻͬѧ״;ֱ
ͣʵʱ뵱ַһ൱һͬѧȴΪ
״Ŷʰ·硣ѧԺѾǵһηˣλѧ
Ʒ޵µԺǻܸʲôϣλԺٷ
ʲôͬѧǶֲˡ

ףԸͬѧǣܹһ·ݵĿȡúóɼܹҵ
Ĺһ뿪ʦѧ211ѧһ뿪ѧԺ
ʱѧԺ

¶Ա

19 С˵ҶζȤ40 ʼѾֳһʱ
С˵ŨŨζϷĶζм
ĸζҪɯס˹˵ġ
Ͷ١1848һǶζԵҶζд߶еϢ
132֣

CarlisleAlmost entirely absent is the stench of the poor that is 
typical of fiction of the 1840s, the odor associated with disease and 
death, the most memorable instance of which is the suffocating stink 
in the Davenports cellar in Elizabeth Gaskells Mary Barton (1848), 
a smell . . . so fetid as almost to knock [a man] down (66; ch. 
6). (ԭĵ2ҳм)  

иĿĵӣڲ˹˹С˵˹ء
Ů˹ȥһλյĲʱƽһһζħ
Ҳħĥ83֣

Carlislemore emphatic still is the scent-fiend that haunts 
and actually kills the heroine of Charles Kingsleys Yeast (1848) 
after she first encounters it when nursing a fever patient (172; ch. 16) 
ԭĵ2ҳм䣩

 19 60 ȻС˵еζŨұ嵭26
֣

CarlisleThe relatively attenuated smells in the fiction of the 
1860s (ԭĵ2ҳм)

磬˹ϵĥе˽һµʽ
ȫ롰Ӣ㷺ġʱֻ˵һ仰
ЩζĹ386֣

Carlislewhen the narrator of The Mill on the Floss describes the 
deprivations felt by the multitudes participating in Britains wide 
and arduous national life, she does so by referring to unfragrant 
deafening factories (255; bk. 4, ch. 3)  (ԭĵ2ҳм) 

?صġ˹ء1866͡˹ϵĥ
1860˹?Ҹ˹ġԶǰ̡1861͡ǹͬѡ
1865?յġɡ˹³ѷ֮1861
ɯաֶٵġ֪Ѷϡ1865ζдС˵
ЩС˵ⲻͬȻڻ߶ζ롢ȷζ
ԵĹϵһϣǵȴ˵ơ187֣

ǶCarlisleԭĵڶεժ

صС˵˹ءһε͵ġʵĹ
ζϵдһλذݷﰺע⵽ﰺ
ոζĸõҶͷ
ĻػǴݳޣﰺæ˵ŮɪǮ
ģĿŮ֬ζһɪõϵ
ԡ177֣

CarlisleMr. Lyons sitting room contains certain things 
that are incongruous with its general air of privation, 
among them the delicate scent of dried rose-leaves and awax candle. 
Lyon, embarrassed by what he takes to be Felix Holts unspoken 
criticism of such indulgence, explains to his visitor, You are 
doubtless amazed to see me with awax-light . . . but this undue luxury 
is paid for with the earnings of my daughter, who is so delicately 
framed that the smell of tallow is loathsome to her (Eliot 53C54; ch. 
5).1 Esthers association with the scent of roses is quite 
unremarkable:ԭĵһοͷ

һУ߰ѰɪζǿҷӦͳԵϸ
΢£ǡصԡʹԡ΢ľֹ΢
Ĳ춼ӦڼɫζʵغΪԼ
׼򣬶Щ׼ĵۡһ˺¡[268]ζ
ˡ˽ķʽ׼ƺЩˣȻȴǰ
谮ɪһرƷʣҲʾɪ߹ĳƷ̲һ
Ҫһеıܳ嶯ֳ嶯άʱС˵еһ
240֣

CarlisleOne chapter later the narrator explains that the 
intensity of Esthers olfactory responses results from the refinement 
of her sensibilities: her exceptional organization makes her 
alive to the finest shades of manner, to the nicest distinctions of 
tone and accent; she had a little code of herownabout scents and 
colours, textures and behaviour, by which she secretly condemned or 
sanctioned all things and persons (68; ch. 6). While George Eliot 
represents such fastidiousness as peculiar to Esther, who has been 
raised in ignorance of her genteel birth, the impulse to subject all 
things and persons to such tests is a characteristic that Victorian 
fiction shares with her. ԭĵһβ

Ϊ˽ζ˽ЩдķζĿ
ȥⲿС˵ͻʱڵС˵ͨм䲢δ˵
Ķĵڲ̻֮ͬͨζ˶
졣ԸйӡдһʱڵС˵Уź
ȴ˺ӡźǺעⲢоС˵еζ
ԵĹϵ177֣

CarlisleTo read this fiction for its smells, for objects or 
bodies explicitly described as giving off odors, is, frankly, to make 
much of what these novels typically make quite little. The passage 
from Felix Holt cited above is unusual in that it portrays a character 
commenting at some length on an odor, a sense impression that more 
often appears in these works as simply unremarkable. ԭĵ2ҳڶ
οͷ

άʱС˵һϰڽְҵ롢Ų
ֹΪ׼ֵĻУҪĺ
һԴв׼ŮҪ׻ɷ
ԴҲ˵ѣȷһ˽׼λҪ׼Ҫ
Ĺ׼ԵĶԵȹϵ壬ǲҪһС˵й
ζдһҪһ̽ضıζ׼ԵĹϵ
207֣

CarlisleVictorians alternately chose to focus on birth, 
occupation, the level of ones income, inherited wealth, manners and 
training, even religion or politics4  the central determinant of 
class in novels of the 1860s is the source of a characters income or, 
in the case of middle-class women, the sources of their fathers and 
husbands livelihoods. Understanding the implications of this 
equation of class and work requires not only analysis of the smells 
represented in a wide range of novels  a list of the dozens of 
examples surveyed here appears at the beginning of the Works Cited
but also a closer look at the relation between smells and class in 
particular textsԭĵ3ҳڶм䣩

19 60 С˵ûһζĳһضĽ׼λ
ϵЩζҪôϷҪôĹзζΪΧ
ʾĽ׼ԣΪζҲͬ׼һǵλƽ
һ־ǹԱһʵάʱǰ20 
ͶѧҡĻѧҺѧҵоΪʶ
ԭʼֵĴζΪо˵˼άйأ˵йء
ܵضԴ̼ӦʳƷԶһΪν
ѧԸйУӾƺ[3]νĸ߲
ԹܡûʲôϵΪ͵ȵĸоһ
ȱԼŵĸооһԼķȥӹܣ
˵ӾķţζҪԴȷȥ
һõ壻ȣȥõ廨㡣ִԴʻƶʹǳ
ζΪźͲ֮⣬ٺѶζķζ
¼һ˵ĸйٵĻһǷͬһ໯ѧʵζ
ͬĻ˶֮ͬķӦ粻ͬĻ˶
ζͬķӦάʱĶ˵϶׼
һڣʹһζζҲͳΪʡԵġ
Ľ׼Լ¼ΪĶĻһַӦζγԼһ
ס򡱡京岻636֣

CarlisleTHERE ARENOSMELLS evoked in the novels of the 1860s that 
are not linked to the specific class positions of either those who 
emit them or those who perceive them.5 Smells indicate class because 
they share with it qualities that Victorians often attributed to 
categories that codify inequality: smells, like class, are taken to be 
material and instinctive. As such, they seem to constitute a reality 
beyond words. Victorians accepted as common sense the findings offered 
by the twentieth-century research of zoologists, cultural 
anthropologists, and psychophysicists. Processed by the primitive 
parts of the brain, smell as a sensation, such experts assert, has 
less to do with thought than with feeling (Stoddart 244C45, Vroon 13). 
Noses respond as if instinctively to stimuli, as, for example, when a 
whiff warns one away from the dangers of rancid food. As one of the 
two so-called chemical senses, smell seems more inescapably material 
in its origins and effects than are either sight or hearing (Stoddart 
45C48). Dissociated from the so-called higher brain functions 
involved in the use of language, smell, often conceived of as the 
lowliest of the senses, is also the one that most obviously lacks a 
vocabulary of its ownit has no words that function as do, for 
instance, red or blue in the realm of visuality (Miller 67; Vroon 13, 
46C48). Smells are either labeled in relation to their source  it 
smells like a rose  or by analogy  it smells like a rose. The 
relative linguistic poverty typical of modern Western discursive 
treatments of smell is matched by the futility of attempts to 
categorize odors except through what seems to be a primitive, hedonic 
distinction that reduces them to either pleasing or unpleasing, good 
or bad. Smell is also the register in which the cultural construction 
of sense experience is most evident: presumably an object always gives 
off the same chemicals that cause its distinctive odor although they 
are evaluated in greatly varying ways at different times and in 
different places, as the dissimilar cultural responses to cheese or 
rotten eggs, for instance, clearly prove (Engen 83C86; Classen, ch. 3). 
For Victorian readers, who often assumed that class was a divinely 
ordained and thereforemoral order of material relations, as natural 
and unavoidable as instinct, smell was its obvious and appropriate 
register, one whose meanings needed no articulation. ԭĵ3-4ҳ
һεķ룩

֣

ζֽܹ֮׼Իڣ53֣

CarlisleSmell is also a particularly apt register in which to 
chart class because, ԭĵ4ҳڶοͷ

19 60 С˵ĳЩ˺塰ûСζһʵ
114֣

CarlisleThus, the fact that certain objects or characters in the 
fiction ϱ߸У

?Peggy Phelan˵ڿɼԺȨƽ
ϵĻǡΡ[4]178֣

CarlisleAccording to Phelan, any culture based on inequalities 
of both visibility and power renders invisiblerepresentationally 
unmarkedthe qualities or phenomena that it invests with value (ch. 1). 
ϱ߸Уɾڣ

ڡ˹?ءһᵽġ190֣

CarlisleWhat one smells in this fiction is not the 
presumablysubtle and pleasing aroma given off by such cleanly 
gentlemen as Herbert Pocket, ԭĵ5ҳһεʼ

С˵еͶȥζʱ106֣

Carlislewhen charactersand readers of these novels are invited 
to experience odors, ԭͬҳͬοУ

һʱڵС˵д󲿷ֹζдһȶԴȪԴȪ
в׼346֣

Carlislethe greatest number of olfactory representations in the 
fiction of the 1860s have a very consistent source: they emanate from 
the work done by members of the lower-middle classes and of what it is 
tempting to call, ԭĵ5ҳڶοͷڶʼ

׼ζ֮໥綨ĹϵҲڶв׼Ů
ζдеõӡ֤283֣

CarlisleThe mutually defining relation of work, class, and smell 
is confirmed, surprisingly enough, ԭĵҳڶοͷ

෴Զǰ̡еİ˹ûմϻ㣬ⰵʾ˹
ջԣ57֣

CarlisleThe fact that Estella in Great Expectations is never 
made fragrant by flowers ԭĽϱߣ

෴ϲĸŮ²ĸŮΧȴû
ơ88֣

CarlisleBy contrast, women at either extreme of the social scale 
are marked ԭĵ6ҳοͷ

÷˹С˵ӢǡеŮǱв
׼׷߷֡194֣

CarlisleEmilia  the title character of Merediths Emilia in 
England, an impoverished, half-Italian, half-English cantatrice  
ϱߣԭɾڣ

ڡ˹ءһ˹?صһοɪ?
ﰺ뷿ʱ235֣

CarlisleWhen Felix Holt first sees her enter a room, his nose 
allows him to perceive her as eligible: A very delicate scent,  
ԭĵ7ҳһΣ

ǸʱڵңԻŮԣ󶼴в׼ӽ
ŮԵ157֣

CarlisleNovels by male and female authors alike, therefore, 
embody a middle-class, male perspective on women by marking them 
according to their reproductive potential, ԭĵ7ҳڶοͷ

в׼ŮǵŮ廨֮Щ
ҪΪ׵ˡ96֣

CarlisleBecause middle-class women use their bodies to produce 
children, ԭĵ7ҳڶβ

һʱڵС˵˶Ĺְҵζ׼
ĹϵͶƪ֮⣬287֣

CarlisleJust such an idealization is evident in another category 
of smells that recur in these novels, ԭĵ9ҳڶοͷ

ʱڵС˵е͹ԵòǷʴǲ
ǳԹ

Ķζ379֣

CarlisleThe shopkeepers and artisans in these novels are all 
remarkably well fed, and their hands are often fat with the effects of 
what they have ingested. ԭĵ9ҳΣɾڣ

(XYS20081208)

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ʦѧѧԺôˣ

ߣֽʦ

ʦѧƯУ԰ǣɾƯ棬һ
Žʦµ档̤͹ѧ£ԡ˽̹Ժ
ĻҹֺܾίĹ¡Ӽٹ
Ҽʶʶ죺

һѧйԱУרѧڣѧԺԺ 

1ԳΪרġϳָѵҹָӼ
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£ѧԺԺ

2һνרֳʶ͡ȫʦȽ
ڱдġ̲͡ġĴѧԺФγڵġ֪ʶ͡
ʦ졢ġ͡͹ѧġ
ָϡ鼮

3ѧ١ѧ2002УȺУ걨ѧ
ԺҳͻԼʦƸоԱߡмʮ
ר¼ʮƪƷʮʵǣȲ
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4αѧԭǹѧԱרƾȴһڱдѧ
ֱһȫУŰ񹫲ס乫ʾȫУʦܿ
ѧ

5ɿʦѧסڽʦϹҪ࿼ʦ
ѧһ롱Լ࿼ʱ࿼ʦ̣Ŀŵ
Ϊѧվڷڷ񴦼飬ѧɵס䵣εıҵ
дϺڽʦдԳֻҪ30%Ͳѧ
ֱ¡Ϯɷ磬һƬҡ

6Ұ磬𺦹ɲ󡣴2003θԺʼ
ʦϾЬ̶ȻڵϽһһ
һӳߣʦˡƨĿ
ͷڴϱʦѯȺڽԴϲ

ΰУƣڣѧԺԺ

1ѧ١2006ΰڣһгɹǡַ
𽱡ԭʱĹλʦѧԺר֤ʵ
һĴַٽʦ֯ĹӪƵĻμ߾󲿷
ڵСѧɷѲμߣܻý𽱣СѧСһ
ͬ𽱡ҲΪˣϴѧδһǣȻ
ƭнίΪ佱3Ԫң·ļȫнʦѧϰ
ҲЦ

2ѧԡ20089£ΰٴ걨ְƣּ
״ΪصгɹϱԼָѧҵģΪԼֵ
ڡйѧ־ϣΪҪɹ걨ְƣʵǣдƪ
ҵĵıҵڵһδʱΪ롢ṹûͨѧԺΪ
ָ֯ѧԽṹ˳׵ѧͽ
ϵX޸Ĳŵͨ磬Щ½ʦ֤
ôΰһ˵巢ѧԺְ֮ﱾ
Ӧ֪͸ģʱһܣѧУĳĳУƻְɣڶƱԵ
·ֱίкҪѧ鸴顣ϣó¶æҵ
Ůдνת֤ԼȨָһšȨ֤顱
ԾӸµİ̬ȷǴίҪЮί顣ʣ
ѧ𣬻

3Ļˮƽ֮ͲҲ̶áԺؽڽѧΰдֻả
ϣһ־ͨڽֻܽļУһٶ֣ﲡ
ʹ־ʮ
 
4ܹҪ١20042007꣬ѧУ֯ζϸɲ
֮ǰΰܺõϢҹظѧԺ󲿷ֽʦ绰Ʊ
֮¶ǡ֮ӹ˾ȡƺԣ޼ɵش̸ҪپԼ
ڸĳĳУ쵼ĳ£ڹڳϰʾԼʦпɽ
ģѧԺ綼ģ

5١ΰѾҲƣò2007ײŪһԺ
Ǵ20042007䣬еίУļᡢ
ԼǡԺڡ˹ˡ

ǻԣУƣԱ

1˽̹Ļҹܾ֡ίӡ£α
Ҽʡм𽱡ڲμɳƺ֯һ
а¶ɳĻĻ֤϶ǻ˽̹
ԺĻ¡αļʵѧУдַǻϱļ
ȫͬٻ˻ءȻΪѲѧ淶⣬Ȼ
̷ɵ3-10ͽ̡Ժһ٣¸
XXֶĸҶң

2ŵһֿʱȻٵ
ѧԼвִԵŮʦ

Ф£УѧԺǡ

1ӷѧΰǻÿΥ͡Ф¶ļ
ǣϴƭѧУǻ˽̹¡αļһ¶
طγɡ˽ȼΰԱ¶ֻͬǿڳƵġϴ
ѧҹرдϱϡÿ¶ıߡ

2ְȨǮ˿۽ʦФºѧѧԺǮѧУ
ͷְƷĳֻονʦ80%Լ100%ҪԸ
ĿԶռʦҪ󹫲Ŀ̬ȶʮֶӡ

3ʧְ봨ȫգФ²֪ͨ֯
֯ѧ඼ûϣѳٹʱѧԺȴȻ
ϣΪȱȽǡ

һƬצѣڰɣ˭ҳ⻹ġֵ
Щö֮Ĵѧʦ᲻е߳ܣ

(XYS20081208)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

֣ݴѧ·һ˾Ԫ973Ŀеĳĳ˭

ߣڼ

ġ֣ݴѧ·һ˾Ԫ973Ŀһģ
һ£ԭйѧԺĳǰ973ƻũ
ҵ󺦱ֹɡԤ⼰ɳƵĻоϯѧĳĳָ
֪಻ʶλйѧԺǰٲһ£
һ֪ĿǰȻйѧԺ־ֳ˿ʵ
ߣǰ˿Ķܶƪڴ˵£о˸˲Ŀ
ݿƼĹ涨һ˲ͬʱοƼشĿˡ
ô֪ͬʱ֡ҿƼƽ̨صĿ͡973Ŀ
ǷΥԭ

(XYS20081208)

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ѧ˼άʽİ

ߣimmusoul
http://immusoul.com/index.php/archives/451.html

˵

ΪʲôϲߵĹػǲɻȱģҪȷԼվ
Ⱥһߡ仰ΪһǳĹ۵㡣ڻ
ڲμӵϹ仯ϣзǳᡣ

иѧ˵һȽоԱйӡȺͰĻ
֯ͬйNGOרҵ̸֪Ȳ㣬Ժܶش
᲻רҵԵľ鿴۲ейĻ
NGOʶ̬ʵԵĵоһЩ᲻
ЧĽ취ⶼáͣӦԣǲеġ

ΪһҪԭйNGOȱѧäĿ
ԡվȺһΪԭ򡣵ΪǲרҵܴܿӳԶ
˵˺Ⱥ档

İ簮Сʱϲ簮ǳˣͻ
ͷ

ѧߣȱ׼ȷѧֻİ

ĿġΪѧһҪضߣѷ
ҪЩͳƶԷǡɵֻɶ߶
ķСĴߣصԼԽУûпǵѧ
Ч

ҾҲعڵġ󲿷ֿ߶ûôˡ
˲ǣ˾͵ÿӴܶˡĸֵܽáͬ¡ѡ
ǸſСǶǿѧߵĶǸʣ
嵽ÿһ˲ʻġչߣһ춼ʶģ
ԴһǱȽֹ۵ġ

ҵǾã˵ⲻǰĲڴɲ㡣չ
ߴƳǵĴ󲿷ѵڿѧ򣬶ڴڴļ
յúܲһǶѧϰء⣬Ҳͬ˵Ŀ
¿Ժױ˵ҵᣬҪдÿ£ùȸ
άǲеģŵĻùȸάдһƪԣ

˵ˡ֮ͬҵĿǿۡΪ
ĻˣôҵǸȻҿкܶչ߶
һǽ¿һ¸ĴǣҪ
Ķźá

лл

(XYS20081208)

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ѧռǡΪ˭ԡ

ߣ

ۿѧǿѧռΪ˭ԡǼǡġΪһ
ң˵谷֢⣬ܵڻӭõϵĺΪ
վˡվȺһߡ˵ˡࡱ⡰ࡱ
ȨѹƵģ˵˳ΪкòΪ˵ˡࡱ
ΪСǿȺ壬ȹ̣Ȼܴ
棬Ϊ桢£Ϊƨһߡ

صĻû⣬֪ʶԼѵͬ顣
仰Ȼն߲Уûðȥͳ㡰֪ʶ˼
һλ͸дȺлʵ
ҲΪȥ¶ܹذͬڴҲ
̫ˡѵ߾û֮׷ˣѵ߾û
֪֮ʶˣѵ߾ͲԼƴڴĿѧ
ҵһ̽Ȥˣ

й˺֪ʶӵĻë˵ǶʵϲĶ
еȨе˴ԡ

(XYS20081208)

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˫ر׼

ߣ

Ƶʴôһ:

[ʣдʱŪˣºϴ󲢵Ǹʱ
𣿱˵᲻ڵǸͬʱٿǵһ⣿

֣һ۹Թڴ˵ɹȨȨ
ʹߣʾԼȨ۹ץסһͨ˱䲻
ѧ͹۲ʵʾԼĸסֻԼһߣ
Թڵ֤ף߲ر֤ԼȻȷԼʹ
ҲСĴˣҲǸҲ˵ڶ൱Ʋ
ߣͬʱŪˣһʱǸӵð취]

ԭȨʹŪ,֮ҲòŵǸҲ
Գһ˵ǲбҪĶ˵أϾ
¶ͨڿڴ˴ѶϢѵõǸ

(XYS20081208)

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ƪƤú˹̹Ĺ

ߣc61

---  ---

ϻؿӢսƤһؼë̾ϧӢĴ˿שͷ
ȰܡȴƤ󺿴˵Ȱӵļܡⲻܹ޵
īֵֻƤΪ<<Ȱƪ>>ȰıֻӢûй˼Ƥ
زд<<ƪ>>ƤúͰ˹̹Ϊлܵ
Ȥ󿼾ݣͨףҪƤ򣬰Щ
飬Щ֣컯ҲǶ̳úƼ˵ּܵ

˵֮ԣԴϹԡ죬ǧ򻯡Ϊķ
㣬ǿΪ֣:

ֶԸֶ֣ƤƤƤ


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˵ֶƤ

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ôκõסȻһ绨УƤۻ룬ҽ
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ôŻȵƤ֣ǧٱտճĵϡʺ
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򲻹㡣ļܣȥȰҪȲɡϻ<<Ȱƪ>>
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򣬶Ȱѭ˶ǸðúһǣƤŰ
Լ(ҲƤƤıִ): ȷ˵ڼ(home)ſڣһ춫
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ƪ >>ǲǻҪԺ

ҲҪл˵

--- Թ ---

˵Ի͵ĸְ˹̹򲻴ܣ

Ȼ򡣽Ϸ䣬֪˹̹赭дһ䡰ϵ۲
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ʵһܶڰ˹̹˵ǵҹżȻӻָ˼ֻ
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Ѱ˹̹ģǽһλĸ֣ͥѧɵ
˳ѧɽϣء˵籾ѧǱ
ô󸻶绽ĽڴĻͥѧɾԴԶں
ңȫʢʱĴգǿϣءɿɷ˹
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ҵӣʵӿΣɿɷ˹Ļ˵˹̹ѧʱ
һҲѧ

ʱѧϵð˹̹1915Ծͷһ꣬ҹ
յͼҵȷĹʽռ䱻ľҲǺ
Ϊѧʽ̡һ꣬ɢʮ
ǰѧЭ۵ޡ治
أӰȥᵽͬʱǵ: 11ĺ˹
غ5İ»ڰ˹̹УǸбԺ
ˣС˹ķԶ̹

һµѹԸͥ˹̹ϣ
صһսʼڵ7£þ춯ضֿƽ档ִܵĹ
˷ʤʷѧΪ۲ݡй
һսĲοҪһżһ

ż˰˹̹дʮĳ󣬽ҿɴ
20067˹ٴѧ档

УԿ1915Ǿ춯һսļҪ:

£˹̹Ӧϣصȥͥѧݽ˹̹һֱ
ϣϣؽйع۵ĸԣηȡԲɹ
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ĺսᱨ档³ʿѧԺ122սķ

ϣصֱ31ղŷ󶨸ʱȷ󷽵ؽ
۵Ĺ׹鹦ڰ˹̹Ĵٵս˽

żǿɿϣֻһսƽеľ춯
شҪĵβйһ

--- ƻβ ---

1955紺һƻ裬˹ٵһСư
˹̹(Margot Einstein)ŮĬĬšһĵ磬
˸ŮĹ£ʮǰԼϣؽֵ¡

ϦػҰ׵ͷݵϣ˼ĺΣ
³һŪģô ԺҪҰűܶ೤ʱ
أ

˹̹Ĭã૵:ֻϣԽԽé 

ֳ̾:ϣһֱǼįģΪֻܿ
͵һ棬ȴĴۣԸû˽ŹҲ
濴ö

ϰ˹̹۽ǲƣÿһƶеǻͻԻ͡
۾ģÿ۾ϵʱįҹһ
:

ԴʮǰڸͥԺҾͲƣ룬Ҿú
ƽľįΪԴԺҾֻįΪ
ˡ

Ů̸ʱûע⵽ǽĽһһֱһ
꣬ճյغžơһ̣ξӨԲᣬش
˳ݵӲɱĴνƱ

˵㿪Ц˵ͥ·ϵÿһӣ
άѧˣ۵ȻѧңΪûѧ
κйؿռʱѧѧô Ȼ֪
οס

˹̹۾Ȼů:ǵģ˵С
飬飡

ԺǸʱҫĹ¶꣬дһ
׵Ĳ齣齣дִܡ߱˪˶
Ϊ԰棬дѰĻߵֱ
ռ̨屻֣c61ƪβ֪
СɵԭԴΪ֪İ˹̹ϣǾ춯صһܡ


֮ԣ
ƤƤò
ֶƤ
ֶԸ֣ġ

ΣϷĵ衣λֺúƤ֪ܵĹº;磬


--- ο ---

1. Walter Isaacson, "The Intimate Life of A. Einstein", Time 
Magazine, July 09, 2006.

2. 齣齣

(XYS20081208)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ҽĸ

ߣѧչ

ҽ֢֮ҽޡ֮˵֢Ϊ顱

ԷΪ֪η磬Ϸ硱硱ࡣϸ
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ռʪİٷ֮ϵռٷ֮Ƶأ˾ȵ£Ҳо
ˣʵҲʹתƵİϷѡ룬Ƥٸ
ָѪܣȻоƤֱԭ۵ˣ

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ǲĪһǡıȥԼ

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һֻһǧǧ򡣾ǹΪ࣬Ҳǡһ֮£֮
ϡõҩϾ͵˸Ϊҩʵе
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ҽԺҩҲˣԼŲֽ࣬ɫĿݲʯֱ
ꡣ

ҽʲôʲô˸಻ã㽨Զ࣬Ҳû
ĸ˸βãξܳεģ˵˸ˡ
ǧˣɣ

ҽִԼϼϷΪĸ˭Ҫԡĸ
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˰£ǿǵ˰˱ùˣ

ҽΪĸʵ飡

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ҩܡ㶨ʲôҩ㶨ʲô 

ߣ

2008126սһƪ£ͳҩ㶨м˵
̨оԱһΪҩ42м˽ʵƣ
Чƺܲ 

мҲţƤѢǺһֳƤһЩҽѧоʶ
㹻ѧҪţƤѢҽѧ⣬
׼ǡ߶Ȼɡⷽо˻ƪ42˵ʵ
оΪԼظʵͽһоƪ42˲μӵʵ
ļֵ˶ѣܱȡļֵΪһ
˵ܹ׻ãѡҪĳɹĿʮ
֮һûУġ㶨һҩ￪ɹָ󱻹Ȩо
ʵ飩֤ʵ㹻ĵͣͬʱĿǰʱ׼ҩ

ƵǣƪȻûᵽĿǰʱ׼ҩ֮ı
ϣֻᵽͰο֮ıȽϡ
ЧȰοǿĿǰʱ׼ҩô־ûж
壻ЧɷݺĿǰʱ׼ҩЧɷͬô
Ҳûж塣

һȽϣý߿ʲôǡȨоʵ顱ʵҪ
ܶһҩۡҽѧ־JAMA  2008
1119յ300ڣVol. 300 No. 19, November 19, 2008ҩ
մ֢ЧGinkgo biloba for Prevention of DementiaA 
Randomized Controlled Trial 

о2000굽2008꣬8ʱ䣬3069λ˲μӡ ƪҽѧ
˵ݳҩGinkgo bilobaԼ֪ܾЧ
ڶʹҩ֣֮ҩݶԽͳմ֢򰢶ĺĬϲAD
ķЧµӢժҪӢȫתڡҽѧ
yxpl.net 

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ţƤûҩ᲻ţĸĹУûҽҩ
ĻƾͲ

ҽҩȫǶġ

¼ 
ͳҩ㶨м
̨ѧ߷֣һζΪҩмкܺõƹ
Ч֪мһ޷ƤʹƤ첢
ɫммڸ첲ⲿϥǺȲ෢

̨о42мʷĲˡоԱ֣
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ǻʹƤ䱡ʹҩɷҩĲϼûĸá

оԱ߷Ϊ飬һ躬ҩ࣬һû
κƳɷֵİοҽʹǰʹú2ܡ4ܡ6ܡ8ܡ10ܺ12
ܶÿ˵Ĳ鲢¼ʾʵĲ81%֢״
ԺתʹðοĲֻ26%תᡣ

ʵоȻԼ14Ĳм֢״ȫʧ򼸺ȫʧ
˵ͨһ鷢֣мǼȰ
ȫЧġδǽһоҩЧȡʹҩոЧ
ҩʹø㣬˶ƵԽߡǣҪһ
ҩҩãҪо

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䰮Զҽҩ

ߣų

1ʶжԲߡ

ҽûнʵĸڲṹκΣûʶ֢
֮Դˣ

˵ҽʣȻ֪֢֮ڡ

ϧǵĺܶٶƤ֮ڣֻͨܿһЩ֢״ȴ
Щ֢״ԭ򣬺̸ƣҽȫǽܶϵ
ϵģִѧ֤Щͳҽȫ޻̸֮

ҩͬҲȱԲҩʶʼΪһݱһԪءʵ
һݱڲɷָӣЧĲֲǲݱȫĳЩɷ֣
ͬڲݱڲɷֵδ֪ҽҩʱ򣬶
ݱʹ޷Ժ׼ȷԣҲ޷⸱õĸš

2ȬĿܣҩƵĽȻϣοá

ûвÿѧͳƷȽϴ˫äȷû
żȻֺȷȬԭ򣬴ӶҲ޷϶ҩЧҽ
ҩûͳѧĸ޷пѧоʼͣڸĲ棬
ҽ/ҩЧǿɵġ

3󡢱صı֡

ԿҩЧδ߼ϵõȫķ񶨡

ǧ飬ǻĳЩҩʹϻЩ飬
ЩЧʵŵģôҪÿѧķѰҳ
ҩڲĳЩЧɷ֮ĹϵҰǷ׼ȷʹã
ʯá

ѧˣֱҩеĳɷ֣ﲻпѧķ
أ

ǺܶڵﲻţҪȫǾͱǸˣΪ
ȫǻԶΪ

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ҽҩߡѭ֤֮·

ߣ
Դ

ǵ۷ٰһΡҽҩۡۻϣѧ
ʿΪķΪҽҩЧд֤˵ľͻߵĸ
вΪЧ֤ݡΪҽҩΪйͳĻľ
Ӧɣ˵˵Լ˲ҩˡ
ô֪ҩã˵Ҳ޵ΪеĲҩ
Ҳ

ڲɲ

˫۵Ľڡѭ֤⡣ҽǿѭ֤ҩ
Ч丱ãҪȷ֤ݣȻжǷٴ֤
ԴڴĶٴ顣ЩҩٴԳ
ȫ⡣Ȼҩ֮ǰҲչҹ涨ͬҩ飬
ûôϽϸ񣬶ڡѭ֤оûôѡ
֪Ⱦ۵ΪֻҪҩ䷽ҽۣһЧǻ
һͳΪҩĸ÷ǳСԺԲơˣг
ҩ˵ϣѿҩ︱õ¶ⲻ֪вҩ
ڲɲıЩƱҩƷЧ丱á
ˣҽҩءѭ֤䲻ȷؾͻӣǾͻΣ
ҽҩҲͺѵõƹ㡣һоǰҽҩġѭ֤ˣ
ȷ֤ǰһƿԣΪ͹۵֤˵
۵ǰ˵ľǲ԰ġ

϶ҽҩ۲ߣֻ˵ǡԲҩԴҩ
ľƣҩĸСƵҩ˸Ρ
¼ҩνƴۿۡ

ѭ֤о

ΨСѭ֤·ҽҩ֮·ͷչ֮·ƻӴ
ҽҩչͶȵĻҽҩġѭ֤оϼӴͶ롣ҽ
ҩҪɺͽܣ鴴ҼġĺȨҽҩѭ֤о
Ϊ֪ҽҩṩḻ͹۵֤ݣЧĺ͸õġ֤ݱ
мЧͼСõҽҩӦʹӱӦ
֮Ϊص㱣Ʒ֪֡ʶȨ֮롰һҩ
Ŀ¼һҪ֧䴴ºͷչˮƽѲƷӹ㷺ռ
ġƷȫġƷɴ˿ɼѭ֤оȡ
ʹҽĻĿѧҲۡɹʶЧ

ڳѧϰʵѧչۡҽҩķչӦ
ѧչۡѧչҽҩҵһؼǰҽҩġѭ֤о
ң֤ݷˣƾ뵱Ȼ¡ֻҽҩ
ʤ̭õĺЧҽҩܹ㷺ಢ츣ࡣ

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߹ŲùԺʿͷ

¾ 2008-12-08

Ѷ ﱱΧǡķ轥ƾƭˣҲ
ٹ߹ܹ١Ժʿͷı123ձƭ
ȴ׷ɡգԺɽ11ʡйزŷ콨
飬Ҫλϸ󹫿֧

߹ܹԺʿ

2004𣬹ƾڱ鹹йѧԺѡԺʿΪ
ȡ50˼ڵλԼ284ԪУ󲿷Ϊ͹
߹ܱƭŲõĹԺΪƾ򸾾թƭ˷ֱ
106ꡣ

췽11ҵλ콨

ڰʱԺٷ֣Ժʿͷ߶Ϊ졢
ɽ֡ຣաɽʡеĴ͹߹ܡ永ҵδ
ȡʩʧҲû򹫰ر

Ϊ׷ɹǿϸλƶȣգԺԺ
ʲලίԱᣬԼɽ֡ຣʡйίൺ
11ҵλ콨顣

ƭ߹ܲʧ

գ췽ʾ콨鷢󣬺ܶ൥λغ
Ժʿͷ߸ƭ߳Ǯʧ

УɽʡίͷļҪʽʹñ뼯
ߣϸ񹫿֧ͬʱϽְùΪѡ
ҵԾԲ¼Ҫ12µǰϱ߸赳͡
ʹ֡

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ABaDAĽ˼ά

ߣƼ 

abadaٴ֥ŵ⣬˵֤ò˵abada
ѵ˼ά̫

ٳѧϵг˺ܶѧʽ˵֥ŵһ
ۡ

ʵϣǸòʲôʲôҲʲôʽӣκһλ
СѧͿԸabada֣ǡۡڹ걻׷Ǻ
ʵ,òʲôѧ֪ʶ.

Ǹ˼,Ǿ.:˼ʵì,
ô?

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ȥЩѧ֪ʶabadaֵ֤£ Ϊӣδ
󡣡

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2޶߶ΣҪ޶ʱ䣨ΪĻ֣
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ˣ֥ŵ۲ǡۡ

ע⣬abada֤ĻԵġ֤޺
໥תģûʶ޲޹ɵģΪʲô
ӣδ󡣡أ

֤ûеҲ̸abada̵ֵ֤Уȴʵʵ
ʹ˱֤

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Ҳһɽġ˹ҿ˹֮գ

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