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                 йƼƱڴ

                       ӡ

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ҷ죬ΪԽҼҳ󡱡ѧѧ淶ίԱ
2005ųġУоûƵרίԱ
ܶԱʿѧٵľٱʹѧٵָͨ
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ѧĴڱ滯

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ڴΥѧΥĽڣرЩѾܹ
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ԱСǰߣһЩУоע⣬ʼ
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شѧܵĸԴ漰Ĳѧٵ⣬и
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ŻµһԱȨעͬ
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С١ܵĿռ䡣

2008.1.2

ܿİ2008.2.1.

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й仯֮һ

꣨Ǵѧѧϵ
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ͨͣһͻһԼԼȲƽ
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ѹءԼѣǵ̬Ȼͬùҹ໥
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룬йⳡѵ֮ܺһ

ȽΪʲô仯һȲƽĹ̡˵Եìܣ
һԭŷٶ̫죡ıΪף
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ʷʱڵŨ¶֮໥ϵԽ˹ȥ꣨Vostokо
¼Ũȷ仯Ƚϻ뵱ʱ),
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Ȼй仯Σʶĵ˾ȡйѧ
ԺԺ·ڣ꣱·ҶȫůñȽ
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Ҧ¼½ûΪӣ̸ƼʷӦ
Էҽ˽һ˿δ̫ơ

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ҽΪ񡣹󿯵ڡҽѧڽйĴһм
 1915꣬ɻӢŴѧҽѧʿѧλ·ȫл
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ҽء1932ġHistory of Chinese 
Medicineȫعйҽ̸̣ŷҽѧԹά
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ǴͣͲǰֹ״ֻ̬ڽ̻ҽѧԺŸ
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ҦӴͦҽͬἰʷʵ
ԡѧ־еźΪһϣѧԽԽõĶߣ
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ҽΪʲôҪҽϣ

ߣbangbu1996
(http://blog.sina.com.cn/bangbu1996)

Ϊҽϣ

һҽֻƾнϡҽҲ̫Ե˰ɣЩִѧ
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Ϊʲôҽ˿ǮѧɭѧĶʮ̬Ȳһ

ߣlw56102

Ǯѧɭҽߵѧĸ߶ȣҽ칦ܡͳΪ
ѧ⣬ǮѧɭνĿѧĶʮĿԡ
ߣΪ߻ԭй¶һ²ᡣ˵
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ҩﾡгҩԲ˵ԲβҲˣʱ
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ʳ


2008-01-25Ϸб

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ϵҽԺϵҽԺǼСҽԺּƣϰѲת
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ܽӵ׳ѧãǷҲ
һʹȴϡý彫±ҽԺ
ǿѹҲܻбԭ˸껹ծƻ
Ըÿ곥ҽԺ5000ԪһҪ106ꡣýٴץסᣬع
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http://www.hnsc.com.cn/news/2008/01/28/259676.htmlʹǷ
ʿл¶׷׷֣ݴѧ˶ʿ¬ΰΪҽԺȨ
û壬ԺΪծҪ106꣬ضǣ
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ɱ걾Ҫ106ծҲҪǷծ壬ǿɼֿɾ

һծҪ106꣬ûϢҲûеˣԺЭ
Ҳǩһ֪ƵúܣҿЭǩҲԲǩʵ
ԺưͳԻп˵֪ƻǲʵеģ
ⶼǩĻͻġˡЭ鵱ϻŻ
һˣҰһƣⱱԺ˷۱

ΪҽԺһǷѺֹһ㣿ҽԺģԺ
1/3ûñȣÿǷѶϡ¹ƣԱԺ
ģÿǷҲǧϡŷëȺڻش
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ش:ǣңҽԺرǹҽԺе˾ЩȺ
ΡҽǷѣܴһġȥ꣨Ӧָ06꣩һ
ͳ֣ǣȫҽԺͳƵǷ100ڡȫ2ҽ
Ժƽÿ50ЩҽԺԣ50ʲôһЩС
ҽԺԣʵϾζƲȻǷѲģҽԺԽ
ǷԽࡣ

Ŀǰڴ½ҽԺڹ˶֪ǷѲû˻ġһ
ѣǷþҽԺ֮乲ͬ򵥡е忪е߿
˿ȵȣȻ󣬿뵱໤ʿҽʦֵʱܵģλҽ
ҽƽ̯֪ʲôʱܵģ̯ҽʿͷϣʵҽ
ʿʣûнɷʱͿ۹ʣϱģ
ҽԺûƽģʵֻǸͷѡԣʮֻɣÿ
ǷѣӦòֹ100ڣҪͷС˹ȥѿ5꣬
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ҽԺڲӷ֮ľٴ룬ΪûһʩС
˺֮лɷã³˵˺²Ǯ¶˭
ƫƫÿҽԺֻĲˡ
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Уٷˮ˨ҽʱҽһΣʱɲ
ֻһ֣ȫ⳥Уҽ¹ʴҲð
ͨ򡷺͸߷˺ġ͡С

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ҵĶʱָƪΪͬΪȡһ£
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˸ʽǶȿԱӦ֯
http://papi.psych.ac.cn/members/references/000411.pdf
 	; Ž;
ߵλ 	йѧԺо;
׳ 	ѧ̬, JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 
 2000 04  
ڿĺڿҪĿ  ASPTԴ  CJFD¼
ؼʡ 	˸; Ӧ; ֯; ˸ؽṹ;
ժҪ 	ǳӺ۽Ƕȿ֯֤ݺ;ʾ
֯߸˵ĸʶ֯ŲͬķӦӶ֯
ȲȵӰ졣ˣԸΪҪ˸ѧ֯зҪ
áоʾܹɹӦ֯ĹԱӦ˸ʣ
ǵʶǻģ籣һֿŵ̬
Ｐ̺ŵķ㹻ɺڳеΣʹԼ
˼ӰΧˣӶһ֯ЧܣӦ±仯

Journal of Applied Psychology, 1999, 84(1): 107~122 
Managerial Coping With Organizational Change:A Dispositional Perspective
Timothy A. Judge and Carl J. Thoresen
University of Iowa
Vladimir Pucik and Theresa M. Welbourne
Cornell University
In a departure from the organizational development literature, this study hypothesized that
managerial responses to organizational change are influenced by 7 dispositional traits (locus
of control, generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, positive affectivity, openness to experience,
tolerance for ambiguity, and risk aversion). Data were collected from 6 organizations (N =
514) to test the hypotheses. The 7 traits were reduced to 2 factors: Positive Self-Concept and
Risk Tolerance. Both of these trait factors significantly predicted self-reports and independent
assessments of coping with change. Results also indicated that coping with organizational
change was related to extrinsic (salary, job level, plateauing, job performance) and intrinsic
(organizational commitment, job satisfaction) career outcomes and that coping mediated
roughly half of the relationships between the dispositional factors and these career outcomes.

(XYS20080201)

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С˹ܵʲô

쿴籨һ˵ϺĿǰ㷺ӦһΪС˹
ܵơĵ١

˿֪ʶʵǸڿƼ췢չȻδ˵
ĺöϽϹŻѺͰٶѯȷʵ鵽˲ٹ
С˹ܵơӣϸһ鶼ָ򶫷籨ţǶ
籨µһ͸ǵһˡ

Ͽѯʶ籨绰򵽶籨ܱңش˵Ϻ۵ư칫
ṩزġϽѯʺδУҵϰҲ
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ӦʹС˹ܵǽݲرվ۵ƹ 

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վ۵ƹʡܣԴˣݻйظ˸߼ߣĿǰ
۵ƹΪС˹ܵƣĵ٣Ҿ۵ƹҵ
أĿǰҲδӵڹرվ۵ƹ֪ͨ˽ڲῼǹرȫ
۵ƹ⡣

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Ѱ

̷ѯҶ⣬úܶˣΪʶӢ
ޣأΪϸ̫ԶҲ
ѵİˮҡһҡש񣬻ӭָ㡣뼰ά
ϣ˿ڶ̳ΪĽȾҪǣӵ
Ͳ˵ˣ̫ҽŹҫ˾
ȵڶѶΪռмס

̷ͬҽͬԶ죬ֲʶ⣬ڴĵĿ
ͼԶ԰̷ҽɾһ£˵ͶƱ
ͶƱ൱ѧеͶƱʵ漴Ҳ
мжԭҲԭֻԭǿͶƱΪֶԭ
ķʽԶҪΪҪ
ͶƱҾ޴⡣۾Ϳˡ

ⷨȨExtra-territoriality Jurisdiction
ExtraterritorialityֿΪⷨȨȨڸݸ
طɲͬǳйûУͲ˵ˡѻƬսڼ
йǩЭ飨1844Լݹ
Ҳ˳дȨʲôҰԼԭĳˡ

Article XXI C Subjects of China, who may be guilty of any 
criminal act towards citizens of the United States, shall be arrested 
and punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China. 
And citizens of the United States, who may commit any crime in China, 
shall be subject to be tried and punished only by the Consul, or other 
public functionary of the United States thereto authorized, according 
to the laws of the United States. And in order to the prevention of 
all controversy and disaffection, justice shall be equitably and 
impartially administered on both sides.ַܲ
йӦй밴йԳͷй
Ӧ»ɣ붨ͷ
Ϊֹһ벻˫ӦƽѰ塣

Article XXV C All questions in regard to rights, whether of 
property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in 
China, shall be subjected to the jurisdiction, and regulated by the 
authorities of their own government. And all controversies occurring 
in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any 
other government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between 
the United States and such Governments respectively, without 
interference on the part of China.йȨ飬ǲҵ
й֮䣬ӦӦطɵĲö
йģҹ֮飬ӦӦ֮
ЭȷɲöʽйøԤ

ⷨȨĻǵطɼɳ̶ȹҰ壬
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ʿԼǳΪȱˣⷨȨ
棬һı䲻˹Ȩӵʵձ
˴ţҲͬйܡͬӢϾһ˾
ϵϵ߷ͥ߷ͥSupreme Court for China and 
JapanϺ¹ݡķپ¼ˡϺڹ
óƵһʻϷͥʰĹԱ󰸣Ӣ
¹ȻǶϰˣдʵǹˣ
ȫӣʵϺ̶ܴⰸȨȫ䵽
Լ涨˵йжԼĲȨ

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ڳĳ֮вͬǿжĻѭ
֤ĳ̶ֳǹѧϵһԭʲôԭأԭǴ
зһΪ׼˵ǹɣΪЧģ
˵Ϊ׼ΪеϵҪ󣬲ΥΥ߼Ҫе
ЧʧҪǴ

ʵǺؽĳͻһˣҪвͣĸ
ҪͣƱһƱҳͣͶƱʽؽͻĸҪ
ӶƣӷǵҪĿƣնѡĿƣһƱƽͻ
ڳʲôϣ׶Զ˵Сгں󡱣Ȼĸ׽ĵ£
׾ҶвͣͽжãڶѡƵϣĸƱѹһ
ƱǾͽкãThe Tyranny of the MajorityԭϢϢأ
ڶԭϣǾ񱳵ˡ

ӴڴѧȤйأʱϲӢĲϣ³
ѸԣйݻңһЩӢĲϾ;
ʣ˵ĸоżȻĻᣬõThe Federalist Papers
Щǽֵ̽ϵ£Ϊ
ֹҶʱԼ״̬ΪԭʶҲϡͿ
ģͬͶƱͶƱǶӴ˳ҵĿͷ
ҿģҪһģThe FederalistǱضϡ

Ҫ̸Ҳ1989ѧҶѧߣ
ԭΪйĴѧȱѧǼͶƱѡ˸
ѧּȱԼԼΪЩ̫Զ
һӡ֤ҵͶƱ˵Ҿӡͷ˵ʲô


һͷԸ׳ơСܶѹѧԻ
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ȻоԻ˫ĴĺϷλִб۵ģ
Ի˲̸еĴԣȻ֣µذͦصؿ˳ˣ
ÿοͷĳ嶯ɲ

ڶͷѧصϼҽܲɷã֮Ͳѧ徫Ӣ
ӦBlah, BlahԼУΪת
ΪʿתҪƤ졣ĹӢʶ
ĵˡΪںŵģΪԼգǿ
ġ

ͷѧԻһţûֵóƵʵԵ
ţ󲿷ʱһһ󣬽Ϊα
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ʲôѧʲôѧѧ䣬ѧ
֪˵ʱѧȱ֪ʶĳ̶ȡʮҪȥ
ˣڵĴѧǶථһôҸ߶Ȼɡ

ûоԵĶ巽ʽԵĽܷΧŴ˻ͬ
ԭ򣨲ϢĿ
http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/whatsdem/whatdm2.htm

һ	ȨSovereignty of the people
졢ĸеļֵľ

	⣨Government based upon consent of the 
governedơơΪϵͳĻȡ˵Ļ
ƣ˵Ҫгֱϣǿ˰No taxation without 
representation

	ԭMajority ruleơơͶƱƣȷ
ȡ

ġ	ԭMinority rightsҪƱ֤
˵ȨЩᡢáȨʹ˵ͻҲ
ΪԼõ뷨ɵıϡһ㼫ΪףѰ϶
ԭ˾ܶ

塢	֤ȨGuarantee of basic human rights
ԭ𣩶˵ΪЩȱԼȨ
ṩ֤

	ѡٹɣFree and fair electionsͲԶ
ˡ

ߡ	ǰƽȣEquality before the lawϲ
Ц˸ܣͷԼ츯ܡƾͽƽģûһж
ЦʥˣҲҪԼûʥΪѧԺĽ
йķɻܺõȥ

ˡ	ɵĺʽDue process of lawɵıǺ
ƵĳʽЩ뵱Ȼķɣ෨ɣѽѽз
Σγ޷з׷ҡ©֡

š	ȨConstitutional limits on government
ҪԼӣʲôܣܵģΪεĺáй
źͬ־Ŭ

ʮ	ᡢáζԪSocial, economic, and 
political pluralismԪܱ֤ţǼ⣬µ
˶ţǼ⣬йͲҲ̶ã׳֪ű£
ܺййʱȰ׳ջޣרǿ
ͷѪȻҪ޴

ʮһ	Ƴáʵ塢ЭЭľValues of 
tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation, and compromiseЩֵ
һЭˣþѧĹ۵˵ΪҪʼ
Ч󻯵ĹָΪͷ࣬ʵѧ壬
ЭƣЭ̧ľȱЩ
񣬾ͲҪ̸ױѰһĵıǩ

ĸǿѧǣľֽƽɣһжΪ
˹ִؼַǿѧĹʱһͻǼַǿѧ
ռ˴ʱγۡƽ۲£
ΪʲôһʼͽɲҪġ

ҪѡԺ㣬˱ͰβͰڵƲȥ
ͻԽп䵽ͥءҡ
Ҫμסûңǣʱһת

Ŀѧʵ塣ѧĳ飬ԼˣҲͬ
죬ƫѧʵĳʵҪʵʵԻκι
ĳͻһսյԩңڶξͱˣʵǲ
ѧϳͻĸԴҲǻ֮ҳ˵аʢɣ
ҽѲԾǷҽ

Ҫѧܴۡȡ壬·ˣȥЦ
ң1989ǵҪȴĿ⣬ץԼ·ţ˳Ц
ĿķǣҲ̸ûˡҶԲٵ
ѧۣѰˣͰΪɹһɹա

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̴Үոΰ

:ϳ

ͽ˵ҮΪ˶ҮıѪϴǵǶǲ߼
֮˵

ȣϵҮ˼ʱѽҮնʮּΪĽβҮ
յעģҮ˼䵽ʮּϵ綨õĽ

һ簲źõûģҮֻûԼʶȥִС

ҪǣҮյġǲڵġҮλһ
һһ֣мֵ

壬Ϊ޷֪Ľһսᣬ
Үնԣȫûģǲ(ڻ̶)ҮѪ
˵ѪѪأҮյ˵أ
ôļƻֻһ̣û壬
ûΪ˵ʮּܵΰػ˵ҮվͲҲ
޷Ϊ˶ȥ

νıѪҲһѪ˵֮ȪѪǷܴҲû
壬ҪѪܴڣǡΪ˶Ѫкأ

ԣҮղΰϵҲʴȣ̴ĳҲ綨Ľ
Үϵƻ£µһɫ̴Үո
ΰ̴Ϊϵ۾ų꣬Ļͽ
䡣

ϵ۵ǻǲףҲ˵ͽҲףȻҶ
ףΪʲôǻҪ̸ۣͽΪʲôҪݣΪԼ
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Զֹɽ

ٹ
л鱨2008-01-30

Զɽ25֮дⱾׯӰ塷Ծ塣֪ʶ
ѧ鸡̸塱Ķ࣬о⡱٣Ͽ֣
ԭشת 

ׯӰ塷ǶԹġ顱ûϵͳ˽ׯѧй֪
ʶ֮ǰ˵ûгֵķ֤֤֮ͥǰûʸ󣬸
ûʸ񵱷١ҴԶɽⱾõ˷ḻʾᵽ˼
˺֪ܶʶä㡣һҷǳлߡ80ҺһЩ
ѰѰʲôأҺһƪǧģ˵ׯֱ巽
ԷȻɵĻ񡣵ʱû˵ϣϵͳ
оׯ22ȥԶɽˡԶֹɽ
ׯѧ¡һɽ 

ǰ˳˵ԿׯҾׯйѧӰ󡣵
һңԨףն£ѩۣ϶ׯӰ졣
ֻһɧͱԹ̫࣬ѧɾϾԵõȶ֮Ҳѧ
Ƚϸ˻ģǱȽϳģ׷ģԾׯѪԵ
׽һҿԲׯӣûׯӵ̬Ļ񣬿¾
лȱݡ㼼죬㹦񣬵ھϿܲš 

ҶⱾرϲɾ죬ǳ˼
һ棬ֲõ˼룬̵ȥɡر
иʽģͷҪӢҪؼʡҳԺ
֪Ҫ˵ɶĶȥģûԼĻߵ
ܺ˼άΪʲô˵ԼĻûšرϲ
ʱڣһʱڵļ꣬һŷ17ͺļ꣬ʱд
Ǻɣôдôд󱬷ķҲпպͰٻš
ȫƺȱˣ˹˹̫ࡣԶɽսѧƣ
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òһ廪ѧ˵ƻУһͷѪǿ
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