                         ˿µϣ20070415գ

07.04.15, ˿20074º
Ѷ߽조Уӣɣ˿ѧ
ţƹΪҩʷеءǵķԺʶ
˿¶ɢҵ顷С͵˭ͷ
ǬܷۡԻйжԡˡӡ
ɹáŮ
͡ؿҪԡ



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣮣磮
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮



ʫ졡Ĭ

н٣Ĭӡ졡н١
졡
Ѷ졡һɽһɽ
졡Ĭӿʼ Ĭӽ
ţ졡ǳǧ
졡ýĴ
ơΪҩʷ졡Ҷôƽظܵ߹Щ
СأǵķԺʶ𡡡졡ļˮ

˿¶졡һЩ뷨
졡
ɢҵ顡졡ЩҶƬ
С͵˭
ͷ졡ĵ׵ľӳ
졡ص ׵ı
Ǭ졡
졡ʱеӰ
ܷۣ졡ת˲ŵͷ
ԡйжԡ
ˣӡɹáŮ졡ںͺ
졡һĿ
͡졡ֵʺͱǳ
졡ֻͼ
ؿҪԡ졡Ѵһۿ͸

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

߽조Уӣɣ˿ѧ

ֹ꣱£գ߽조Уӣɣ˿ѧ
յ壴ƪ˿༭ͶƱѡ£

                    һȽһǧԪҰǧԪ

    ȱȽ

                    ȽԪǧԪ

    δɵФ
    ־֡硷
    ֣С
    ӡ˵桷

                    ȽԪһǧԪ

    ׿ġ1991İ飬׷Ҹϵ
    ¬ǹ
    ҫ塶ӣһ
    졶Ѫ
    ɽ¡
    ʯУĹ
    ¼ķȡ
    ά
    ָ꡷
    ȡ

    ɣУӣѧ˾www.psiservice.com

顶ҽ20073йЭҽƴѧ档
ۣ25ԪҪǩͨ°취ʹʷѣ4.5Ԫ۲
ÿʷѲ䣩ߵ绰010-88555365, 88555157ַ
1000442770为աעַʱࡢͼ
顢ϵ绰ڱͨ鵽ţ鵽ҵÿʻĿ
8ԪãСṩ񣩡зѧɾͽǩ
ͬʱʹҪлż˾China Classics, 
Inc.ϵchinaclassics@yahoo.com

317磬йѧԺѧоѧԶԴ
ҽƱ塱Ľ329磬ӡ̽Ƶ
ڡ򡱵Ŀѧѧʡ44磬ǧ
ͱҽҩѧҽ·⡣46ձ̨ײר
Ƭͷӡ

ժԡй걨200744ռԪϱ
񡷡

23꣬Ρվڱڽ83Ժس
ĺУԼļұΪƽءжһȺľĴ120
ⴰûô

ѴˢϺᣬ¼ǽϻʱȻһҳ
׷ԼϷӵİ˼

Ƭҳпձ漰ϱͳĻϣ
ͬԼĺͬĺԺͼƬȫҳϣڼǧ
ܾôûˡ

200011£Ρ300Ԫ˷ֻ150Ԫϱ
Գơƹ񡱡

վͷ3꣬Ρд¥ϰ࣬ϸվϵϣϢ
ձ㱳ͬתƣһĹ1000Ƭ

֣ı仯̫죬ͣһ󣬾ͻᷢĳһͬ
ĺԺѾʧˡһ죬ȥһͿеĺԺǶһ
ѱһƬ档ˡҵʱ䲻ãְ26꣬ĳ
־ܱࡣ

ϱһȺ־ͬϵġϱԡԷ֯ˡϱ
ļǶӡÿĩ˶ʮ˵ļǶӶԱΡк
ִ߽þͷּ¼ºͬʵò

Щ깵ĺͬʲôѽкͬ˺ʡ
ӿΡֺǺǵػش

1949սʱԼ3600ͬ20001200ȥ
ʣ459ˣϲҲ700Ρ䣬700ͬ
ǶĹ

꣬ΡšļǶӡƷ߽ʦ󡢱󡢱ȶ
У㡰ͬӰѲչ䷴첻ȴΪ˱һƨծ
ջծֵΪӰչˡ϶廪
־˵ٹ10,ЩѧǴйͳĻˡ

ϱͦĿǰѱ5000ֵıʷϣʮźͬ
ĺԺͼƬվ˴ΣнԱ̳עᡣ˵
ЩҵΡ̲סüɫ裬¡´ѧѡϱ̲ģҵ
ϱٺ٣˵ãû˵ġ

Ρǣ6ǰĬĬȣϱԼ
ȨĻҵĹעΡܣǺʵ
ڹƱ 80Ժ䣬61һ˲ǨȻǲ
ѻʯýЭίԱͱȥˣչͣˡ

пڶ213ĹɽҪʱΡ̴绰
زšԷƣ¹ܣͷˡΡý屨ϣԱ߸
˸ٵģҪǲ棬ûľûˡ

Դ4ǰְΡûǮ˼վϱˣ
塱Ƕ֮꣬ÿݵĸĸҪǮͦܣ
ԲľǸĸ

ϱתȫԷÿһʾΡ
ϣЩ˱ʾлǰһ̨ķܸˣ
վ㹻ĿռͼƬˡ

¿ΡǸƹ񡱣ϱ򹤵ȴ٣ȫְ6
30ȫǷĲ־Ըߡĺ˶˵Ǹ
ˡ

£Ρɵºܶࡣи⡪бǨһ
顶Ǽǡϸ¼ͬıǨ˰ᵽȥ˶Ҫи

Ҫרҡվ־ԸߡӡǺͬרңʷר
ңרңϱˡרҡһˮ80󡱣
ĵҪ

ҪϱӢİ棬Ƹ־Ըߵͦߣ˶ʿϣӢ
8к⹤ȡû뵽10˱

䲻ǮΡÿæת˵ϲôţΪ̫ÿ
µġ

ժԡй걨2007411ռ˵

Ѿǵڶٴ޺ˡ߽칫¥Ϥ
ذµݡ20İťֵİ칫ص㡣

Ŷֳڡ칫ҽӴԱͬϤشǰλͣ
ֳȥˡȥѧУˡ

ҵšѾľֻش𣬾վһΣ
ñԱɨĿյֳ칫̽ͷһۣȴһǾֳ
һѡ˦˳

һƵһĻݡλ38ѧӢʦҽ
ֵȥ͡޹ءָֻԼĲ͡

3µ׵һ죬һд㶫ȴطԼ޺
ϢעĲ޷¼

ϣƲ⡣

5ǰӦѧУҪ￪ɵؽܵ
Ⱥּڽѧݣӵȫ5000ʦû

ܿ죬ΪͩꡱĲͳеٮٮߡ͡д
֣̹ϲ¼ĸ򡣵3£ͩꡱĵ
ͻ11Ρͬʱ־ٰĿƼϢϣͻһȽ
Ƽμȫʹ

5ӹȥ¼Ȼʧܡ쿲òͨܵĵ绰֪Ӧ
쵼Ҫ󡱣ԼĲͱˡ

ԭ296ƪУ20ƪԼԭν̵һѧ
ʱһ꣬˵ְԵɣͬʱٲϡ

ΪͱҪɡ޺ֵһλԱ߼ߣ
쿡ָյˡڽӵٱ֮ǲòַⲩ

˵ʱԷޱߵ޺֡ۡ

ǶŵıԹŵΪ
ɧ𣿡߲ʡ

ɧԣ໰ѽùԱŽͣʲô
Ϸֱ

쿷ڲˣԭνѧѧҲơʦûˡ
ڲͱ⣬Ŀǰ޷ʵ

ڸùԱ£Ķ쿲ͱƶġ޺
ϢûЭ顷й涨ֹȻ˻ʵ̰
ˡ 𺦹һ޺󡱻ڽ
гᡱġϢȨκʱʱõ
Ļֹ񣨻κһ֣Ƿ֪ͨ

Դˣ쿳ΪΪݷ飬
ɲþءɾɾͷ⡱

ĿǰԭνѧƽɡУУָ쿵Ĳ
ѧУ򣬵粨ľݣʾԸ⳴ҲԸ
˵

㱻ˣ𣿹ܲӰ𣿡һ䡣

һˡУĳζԼ߱ʾڹæûտʲ
ôͬ͡ʱ϶ظ߼ߣҥ

ûеķȨԴɵƵĻ·ڶҲ
ʹ쵼ԷĻشǡûôֻ˻㱨

ĿǰΪⲩġŽᡱɣ˼
ԭνѧһλԸ͸¶ʦ˵Ϊ쿵Ĳ͡ΪѧУ
˺гաʳáٳʩƣ쵼Ҳ׽ࡣ

ͩꡱڶݵػָ3Сʱ޷¼Ը
ɾĿɾһҪΪǰᡣرǿˡء

ȰϢˣȴȻܾ֪ɣҸһҪ
˵ڵ绰ͷ˵ҵȨؿ˲ãҲ
ҵȨһʦҪ˵ġ

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

Ϊҩʷ

                            ƹ

ʱиʵĲˣҩʱҲҪԼı£
̫ҽҩһζҩǲ֪ʲôͰҩ
Լԭڹǣ˲ݣƬڹо
ˣڹǵһ淢һЩ̺ۣǲ˳ַԼè
Щ̺Ӧ֣Ȼɴʾ䣬Ǵ󾪣Ͻȥҩ
ǶȻܶ඼Ƶ֣һǵԴԭǺĳش
ڳġ˷һѧʡ׹ģͬʱҲ
ҽһζҩӱ֪ڹǣڵ˶޹Ƕ
ΪҩණҲһֵǮĶʯЩ˽
ŵĻҲѼ׹ǻʯණҩˡǲżǮЩ
ΪѧһѧҵļһļǮʹЩΪĳ͡

ʵ֪׹൱ѧʣĭͬ־ķƷ
ʫܱóҪóļ׹оǻû˼ϣ
ͬ־˿ѧԺԺŸͬ־ķˮƽĸǣ
һӢ˧һİãһ˵ĳйŷأȷ˵׷ŮʿǸ
֣ƨ˰ѻһŷɻܶͬ־İ칫ʱʱ
Կͬ־뱨棬ҪŮʿĳ֮׳
졣

̵֪ǶԡʵǵĺҲһ
ǹһнˣиġͬ־
лͼĽۿһһѺӲĵͷȥ
ҸõһûǮģȫ
һԼҲΪͷˡĶϱײˣ
ӲʦӲһͷãϽЭǰһˣ˻
һ̵ĺǵļͷȨڵ˶й
ʱǡȷ˵ׯܡֻǵúӲǵˡϱ׳Ϊ
̼бزٵȡ

µĺܶϸڣǴӼ׹޸ģһܲٵ
ڹѧԸɷļһڳҩǰ˵񾭣µĺܴһֿܳΪһ
ڵҩڱĸͬɹ̫˸ͬõƹһСǮ
û֪仹м׹ѧʣܲٵļһڶˣ
ڶǸ꣬ǱŵӿˣǱ˹ȭ˱
ûȥ֤Ŀһλ׹ĴάʮͶ
Ͷˣ֮ǲġõű̫ҽ˪Ҳ
ˣݽ֭ҲûܿǻһûִվͿŵĻ
ֱ֮̾Ϣѧˡ


ǵķԺʶ

                            еء

һյһɻ磬ӵѾȥ˾ֵ
ˣﾲĵģֻӵવણһһ輸жͷ
һ˵ȥȥȥ

Ǻӵдģڿʫ˺ʫװʫ
ǿЧˡ˼ҪϼȥΪ绰Ұ
ˣȻִÿһͷĹɶǴͳģں
ˡ

ϽѺӴҡ׺ͷѧϰʮ֮ڴóǰ
Ŷ

ڳϣͻȻ˵˴ˣʣʲôߣ˵
ǧʫʮΪʲôҲУҳ뵱ɵϰı
̲סЦСѧһ꼶ˣ֪˺һҪ˽
磬֪ûйҪ˵滰Ҫ֪͸ģŪ٣֪
ܡǶˣ١أǡ෴

ŵͷңְȿˮأϸͣз磬
һƬҶˮػصعְڵϣ
ǣϵļ⶯ˣЦ軼ɭۺ֢ʮˣ
ϴεʡǽˡ˿Ƽ٤ǲ᲻
ˣҲӴ޷ңҲ˵һĻҪ֪
ʲô˼ַԼҪ㹻
ͬľȫŮӣȻ岻
вס˯ʱ䶼ҪŻĶ
ڲĵϲͣ˶

ʰְָоΣְ˵һָ֪ðˣ䣬
ڷաʣҩ𣿰ְ˵ˣտأոȥλ
ˣе¡˵ϽȥԼԽԽã
ְְ࣬ᣬʱ
СӵĻվȥĴ̣ʱļḧ
£һͷ

迪ʼ¥Χŷˮգǰǰߣһ
ҡڣһһĳֻţ¥ʱʱ޵
չ¥ΧʮֻſˣҲŶӦ
ˡ

һͲĿţ̺װˮʼݣ
ǰССꡣ˵ˣ´ˣ˵С˵
ˣС˵лл㰡

˵̡ӰͲԭתȦ
֣οʼֳûаְ֣ûͷףְǴ
磻û裬ûʿǴꡣηδ
´ףѽ̣˵˵
ѽ

ˣЦֻζһš

ЦˣߡڼҲ³һ仰ȥ
һҧݵİְ֡˵ǣֺЩֺЩ𣿡
ΣǼҵ˶Σˣ˲Ƕ̨׵ʱ
ҰһоһЩϸһͷ
ˣЩ׽ȥˣһ

11࣬쿪ˣͷٶزأԶɽһ¶
ɽһһõǰ֣ɽһɫ̰εضһ
ŤȥһתͷĹˣǣҲ塷˾ܲ裬
ͷʣ̣ʲô

ʲôɽ룬дһȫޣ
ʴۣйعɣп׷ӺӹԼշ̫˴
߸Ӹꯣһ⹫Ĵľͷڵʮǰ
һȺͬѧ˺üɽ·ȥгЬ
ҾȻţͷͺڰ޳һǶNBAԱĴС
رλ޳Ȼͷ³ģһãͻȻƮ
ͬѧԼƵľ쭵Ĺ㳡Ҳ̲סŴҵ
ӡһ·СܡʱΪһС֪ʶӣΪʵЩ
ǰдľ꣬Դ׳أʮҲߵȥ
ȥʱľ޻˹㳡վȥۺͮͮģŵЩ飬
˾һ㡣㳡ϣľ޴ִǣ¯һģ¯ֽǮ
¯

ô˵ҵĺӣһʱֻǹ̷

⹫㣬ÿϢնʢҴȥ

ԭǴ粻֪ʲôʱˣĳͣ󣬲졣

ٺ裬ϳɽ·绨ߣƣһ·ʵ
ʵĲʵʯͷҶжʵġңҲŵ
ӴϸСҲżСû뵽˲׺ɣ


룬۽綸Ȼﶼǰƣţż
չ⼷ŲԸŲŲӡ۾ףڣľ޲ˣ
¯ҲڣΪûľޣ¯ԵøӸߴͻأչ¯ɫ
ڿն𣬿ţҡ

㳡ˣһһģԭľվŵĵطˮ˹ţ
д֣⹫ͣ

ͣ10Ԫ粻ˣ˵ȫͣǺ
ᰡ

շԱͦģĴָҡҡЦ
ֹֹͬͬ

һ̣ӶһֱǣһЦ̾
ȥ

ע⵽ŽγЩŹ֣Ŷ⣬һ֪
ģЩĻݸǵĲͬ˽ҳҪԼǮ
˵Ŷٿװӻˡ

ųֵһųȻռͣλмǼܱSLRΪף
ڳһˡ֣ǡϹĴ㣬Ȼ֯ԡǼ
SLRʲãȻͦȻһ˭緶
һһȥߵβƥͽСĴǽ
ӰԵñ֣ܶء֣ǰǡ񡱣
ǣûǡԺ

Ȼ˷ӡʱڹ˼˾һ
䣬ƺаϽʣҲıҪʲôûа
ǵҳһǾ˵滰ǣܹû۾
ݲɳӡǼԺдʾһȻ·Ļ
ջߵʵ̫ˣ

ΪʲôҪ˵滰ѵ֪Ǹ˵ʵû·ĺӱ
ģֻƨɶӣô͵һԴ֪ǣ
ˣ˲˵滰˼ñ˲ӵģ
˻ĳЩ֪߳ܵĶɸӰ졣˶ʶڻ
ᣬóʶҪ㹻ĵʶҪʶˣأ㿴
ûһͷġ

˶ơ̤ŵʱ˼ʱ˫۰
뵽߽ȥΪй쵼ߵŰݴ䶯׼淶ͳ
һҲȺڣ⼸ҵļ˶ӰȷԶ쵼
ʱҲУϸյȼǵı࣬˵ġ
ȺԾ쵼Ǳʵľ룬Ž쵼Χͬʱ쵼
ǵĶ淶Ը˳ֵĿ϶

Ӳˣô˰¼ǲɵ

϶ϲһδ˼ƽϣ˺һ
ۣתͷʱԺӵĸҲĵܵչ˼빤㿴ĺӣ
һΪʲôܲԸһȺﰡ볬ѣ
ǲ̫ѵģҪ㿴ϹŵЩ쵼ĸñ
ã˼Դǲ㣬ɰôһԴʲôð
̬⣬д⡭

ŵ쵼ӷɵȥǷбҪȥһ
ӵġѧɾͽĵSLRİ칫ң֯װӹ
ͬѧϰһΪ۵ĽǶΪϰյĴͷˣһ㳣ʶ
ǱҪġ쵼Ƕôæô˼ϣ˵Ȼ
ʹõѾ㹻ǳԣҶ쵼û
ġ

һɲҲûСô˵뷨̫ˡ̲סֿ죬
ЦԼĻơ

ûзӦһɵЦ˵ȥ
ȥѬˣ˴ĵطȥ

ӹֽһһڣǺ˰

ڻ·ڲƣĵȺ̧ͻǰȻǷ
Ժ¥ô¥ߴͣӰϵ൱ĳ¥ǰдƣдٰ˳ܡ
µĸϸֱܡֵıʻƫ࣬ǳۡ

һʱʣǵķԺʶ𣿡

Ц϶ʶ֡ʶֵޣΪ˵
ء

ϸһȻдǹһ¥ǰػص

磬ȥͬѧԶԶҽԺһЩ
Ĳ㣬¼ҺüˣҾȻûȥǰһʱ
һЩڳĻóݲ衣

Զ¼ƷǡƷ·ԭܼ򵥣Ʒ
ĸţĸһģһţûһģҲ˵Զ
ָֻǰʱûע⵽ǽĲǸš

òҵ¥£ȴʧȥġҪǶ¥
һб£б¼¶ʮȣú̲סץҵ֡ʵ
¥µطͦȫ԰¶Ƚʮ£϶Ϊչ
ԼַŪġɫơ

߸ƶȵƣɵҡͷӦΪ˷񣬲뾹ֻĥˡ

ԶļҺװظߵóƱѳɡԶѷ
ӣȻ̴ľϣһƵļơԶǹҵˣλ
Զ˵˵꣬ùӾͺá䣬һٱ顣뵱
ε緢¡Ҿǰзӵ鶼
͸ҲӰһˡ

ߵ·ϲŷֺӲߣͷһȻб¶ϣ
ֻûͷ·ϣӲ˵
ճţӽְ֣㿴

ԭԺڸڣǹڣҲǣû˵ʲôֻ
ſˣŰЦ

صԶڶȥߣҲߣϴ
ϴͷϴҲߡԶڶ˵ùӾͺãùӾͺá
ֻȥҸװ޷ӵĺͼȵơơͼʹһƣˮ
·ƵģӲռ˼ҵıˡ

ͼź۾ֱˣùӾͣͺãӹãã
һģһǻŻʲôʲô˼ں
Ĵ󡢴ɣǣ꣬޷գշˣֻ
ɶ棬ɶ棬Լˣս溣ˣȥƯȥƯʲô
룬룬Ҳûã죬ںϣꡣȲʵ
ڵطˣɲһ

ҹ11㣬ƿţһһ˦裬裬ž
͵͵˼ף죬ࡣҵӡ׶
ըģըͷըһ㣬ǣ쾹˵ͣܲϰߣܲ
ϰߡ

ףĵһס

꣬ˢ

Ұѽϣѧɾͽӽϻ𡱡

ҹ12ˣϡ裬ˣԳ첻٣أȻһ
Ҳ·й¡

ϳ𣿲ϳ˰

2007-3-17

˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ɢҵ

                                


ЩģЩһͷ顣едռ
дֽϣеһЩеƬϡأҸã᲻ö
ˡ

1. 

һôҲסЩʲôһ飬һ硣

죬һع̽ףͼλһۡҵ⣬һλͬѧ
һ顣Ǵѧҵʱ༭У԰־ҵʱҲõһ
ͲסһλѵĿధ󣬾͸˳ȥЩΪý
ľҲʱ롣

鱻ϡǵɫͼֽ꣬ųʳ¾ɵĵơ
һɧͻȻһˡһﴫһˣ
ûд򿪣ҵѾ΢΢ʵôҲ֪
ݡʮ꣬Ԥ֪ǽԼѧһӵ
õƷ˳ȥʱ֮еˣˣе
мˣˣֻⱾһõ

һҳֽϣԼ196X꣬겻ꡣ
м˵仰ٿȴֶĳŪһҳֽϣһ
Ұʫ質ŰѾԶںڰʧˡ

˸е̧ͷǸҡƵ
İˡҲѽǱѲдˣ
ĳĹʾ˵Ľ

ʱһͻȻסңʣ㻹ǵǸѧʲô
𣿡ûҷӦѾ˵ȥޥķ磡ǵǸд
Į磡벻ͨΪʲôôϲ磡

ˣɲǡޥķ硱ûж֮ʫ֮ǰ
еķ˵Ϸ硣

ﴵ
ޥķ穤
ܰޥķ磿

ʫ궯سഺһֻأҲظسţһ
ɻУ԰ڣţ˼ʱѾܸе֮
־óŵޱȼաҵĺڷճ¯һɫʱŻݡ

磬ҵдǸҫഺ֮ĺϡ


2. 

ĳ´绰˵ǹͬ˷ܵʣ
ģ

˵Ȼġǰĳᡣճ˺
ŤͷһȻ˺˼䣬ͷˡסͬһУ
кüûˡ

Ҳĵʡ

¿϶ػش

½̸˱£ȴˡʼԼ»Ұһˣ
סһ»ҰҲԸĵطһ죬Ҳʲôطȥˣ
ͻȻǰԶĵطһӰĲӰ棬˶
ǰһˡй˵ļ䣬һֱƬһҵԺ
ΪԼҲûпܺˣһҲͽô
ͬۡǸ˾ȻվĽͷаźһ
רҪһϲԣһӿŲ֣Ҳһ
عͷϲسҾæҲҸطοҸ
æȲʱ䶼ûСڲݵλãһѾʣ
һкôˣһѯ
Ϣ

ԺļԻһӣȥ
ԶһᣬҲԶºݳޡ
ˣһˣԶѶ˵Ҳͬ䲻
ֻĽ

µ绰ǰһ˵

ǿУ̾Ϣ

3. ɰ

ŮǸʵĺӡҺʱҪ취ҷЦ
õİ취ǽ˫չСһƤ趯һҿųС
СӭҹصЦЦС
ӡ

ǸЩŮϲ衢дʫΡûг꣬
ѾԤı˺ܾãԶƫƧСǣӢոң
Զĵطʱһῴڴϣ۵ЦšҸҿ϶˼Ѿ
ȷۺɫİҶɵõ磬Լһֻӯ
СĵطðաҲһҵҪ뿪ĸ
Ȼûʲôضķֻʱϲҧ촽
һصܡӣȴôã΢Цţܰһж
úᡣ

ǰСһΡҵһ𵽹СҪƱ
ȥʱͻȻôߵһӳűǰߣֺЦۡ
˵㲻ǻҪһ˵ŷôУǿޣһء
ʧ˼Ʊڡ

˺ܾãҲżڶ¥ĺѾޣڲ治ϸ
˵ŻȴʲôҲֻһֱָʾҪ
ͻȻſֻСҲʹЦ趯˫ۡ

Ц뿪Ҳ룺ɰɡ


4. 

һ죬¸ĳŴһ绰հԼ˵꣬绰
˾ʹһ𱸵ôͷƤһ󷢽ܵؾ
ãԼһ˴

ãܾûˣЩΪ˴
ʲôֻĸｻĻˡһлύ˺һ
ϧĻᣬҲͽ޳˴ʻЩҲƢ
簮ˣȻлⲻ˻гײܻ˵һԲ
ллԭ£Ϊģûг˵ĿܡҾȻ
ˡ

ʵҲ֪㲢ûʧ٣һֱǱһ䡣ֻ¼ݿ
⽫һЩмͻЦ׼ȷһö
ӵĶȥĶôλǣܶһ
ġʦϼʱиĸϲ㣬һ
ͻ̻̣䲻֪Լʲô

ʱҾԼǽңҲӭ޷޻
˵


5. й˵ķ

1885꣬ô̫ƽ·깤ˡǮؼң
ءǴŵµĹϴ¡áȡЩйϷİС
ǣǿ

ϼأʱи(Lee Poon)ĳӣһ˴һģ
ҪȥʵһվɽԼ˭ҪСʱɽ壬
һɫʾԼӮʤ

ʮµһ죬һٶùݹսΪմû
ɽǶעѹǸϡյģֻʷһ
֣һǴһЩƲĴš

Ӧǹ㶫򸣽ˣ޹̫ƽ·¸绪ͷ½ʱ
һ˫Ьͷϣһⵣȫļҵ֪ôĶ
ж䣬ͬǼڼªĹʱе·ϣǶ
һЩڵôĵһͶˣһЩ·ʱը
ҩըˣһЩ˴Ӿϵˡ̫ƽ·޳֮
μ·ǧҴ߽һǧࡣ

Щ˴һʼѺ˱Ϊǲ֪Ҵġ

ոɽߴ·ߵǼյСΪ죬ûо飬
Ҳö֪ɽıһСʱ֮ڣû˿ıӰ
СʱһײɽͷӭƮ

ĺɫ֮ʱ½ɽ·˱ֶֻղɽ
Ҳ˯һҹôѵģҲö֪Ƕһܷ
ĵطǱȱûˣֻ÷

ˡճɽȥ;һȺˣǰġ
صùݣ˯һþȻϻ𳵻ظɻĵطȥˡ

ɽӴһ֣йеķ(Chinaman's Peak)ҲһЩΪ
ϴ˷йӲգHa Lingֶй˳
裬˷1998걻й(Ha Ling Peak)

ǴεĶעʮԪλKananaskis Parkڰʡڡ


6. 

ǣڡ˵Ľ֡ô͵ģǣڱҲڱ߾
촽塣һ˵촽һ˽ӴʱǾͳһ
Ķ

й˶ЩڣѾ˺ܶꡣڵĽǣ
˵ЩʱҪһʽΡע⣬
õĴǡڡɬΪǵıǵֲûУ
һḻʡˡסǿ˵ùȥľͺʲô
˵飬кȡͬĶáǡʾϸʱ
ʮʥ࣬һ˵ĸоᱡͻˡ

ϸʮиж׵ʫˣ֮а壬
дһ׽Сǡʫķƻõ޺죬һֻڻ
۷䣬Ƕ˱һνҺ㹻۵һʫ˿
֪⵽ȫԵС

й˶ԡǡЩ̸ɫ䣬Ƕ̫֮ࡣʵ
ڡǡ˭֪ԣѣˡйȻн
ҲԼĺӣֻƣںǻǡʱ
һǱŮǱĵʧˡ

ɬйѾԽԽˡЩ꿴ڵţҳע⵽
ΪƷֶΣǱܶߵֱݣ罺ᣬ
ʮͶ롣̬£ɣվе
ǼСʱ

֮̾࣬Ҳ룬ʵһΣֻ˹ںȲ
ˡ


7. 

Ҷͯļ֮һЬĸǿΪ˺ܶЬ
һع̽ףһλھӡ˵ǵϵʱԱĸĻ
ȴ֣ôסЬ

ĸЬʵʱͬѧһ𣬾ΡΪ˵
ԶϲݻģοԼʱôСûоʹԹ޸ĸ֪
Ѿˡ 

֮Ьӷұ쳣غ͹ִۺʱܻһ˫
򵥵ĺɫЬɫŮͷ򵥵ĵɫ˵Ů˶Ьѡ
ʾľϲáҲİɡٶиӰ˵
ΪԼĽݣԲ´ӸӵЬҾһҫ
˵ǣˣһ˫ĽţûаɣЬչЬӣ
·ģŮĨϵ첻һܷ﹩͵Ů˵Ľţ
ܶ฾ŮһбͣĽţԲͬʡ 

һС˵￴һڣƶŮ˹ΪҾƶ
ɫȹӡ׺ʹ¡Ϊɫ˸߹ů֮⣬ɫ̬
ȺҶԺЬӵһġһֱһȹװ
βԸԳ

վһ̵һֻɫĸ߸ЬͤͤأЬһ
Ļߣһõ硣ôһ˫ɵЬڰ칫¥
֮⣬ǾͻЬ˲Ŀ

һֱԸ߸ЬŮˣǿģڴɫ߸ЬŮ
ˣǸġűΧһ˫Ь䣬ҪôؾĴɫ
ĶԱУԳЬĶأҪôǹɵɫʣغͷһ
󲼾һȻ

Ҳ֪ɫ߸ЬʾѶȣڴʱҿĶǰɫ
ϣԱ˶ЬйоƽЬôӽųϿҾ֪
ЩЬӵŮǶôС

ҪһŮ˱һֻɫ߸ЬǶˡɫ߸Ь
죬Ŀִ򻷾ЭзǷŮˣҰڽ¡
ҼǵԼʱҲϲɫ߸Ьܲͱ˵ջһ
˫˶׵·

Ѿ˼ʮ·ҳһ˫ɫЬӣ켣ڲɫ
ȺУȴһ


8. ĸ

ȥڹʱҳĸĶȰϺõгС
ð˳ˣŷŶϡˮȵһͬ͸
ԲɿڣŻˡкϼ롣ÿʱζ
ÿ 

һֹŹֵĶһЩʱƹһڼţһЩȴʮ
ģѵ˺ܶʱ̣ȴǵһ龰ĸվǸС
æµڱˮֵĲ棬СӰô´¡

ĸ׵ĶõģΪõԭϲ򵥣⿷Ҳ
ֲڡҳɼ֮󣬳һЩʳ׸ҲΪǡĸ׵У
ԶҲȫϣԶҲﲻľ硣

ÿĩϲҸĸļĸĶ
֮бӤİټ£Ƽ򵥣ʵȴۺܶ˵飺Ǹģ
ǽģıǵܵģеġʱ
ĸ׿ơȻ⻹ȫһӿΣ
ϼۣҪ鿴һ׼ûСֶŮʲôҲܣںþȥ
ˡ֮Ƕĸʾ𾴵ΪǺȣһʣࡣ

죬һع̽סһĩҶˣұ㽨ĸװ
˵ڼҲζĸʵûҵúȰɣ
æ˵ûûСЦŶĸ˵㶼ô˵ˣ˼ôش𣿡
ĸײңȴزס֮顣

صô֮Ҳΰһվڿĳ
ͷβйҰϸһЩԷĿռҲһЩ
֪ΪʲôͿڸȴȲڼҺȵǹʵĸף
һЦˣûҵúȰɣ


9. ;ͬŮ

ŮһطԷЩңȴһ˵ĸ
Ҳܰ

Ů͹Ķ˵صй֥Ԫ
˵ġԺСʱڣҾͺ̸˼סڡ硱
ŮˡǶƽȴ˲̸̸ţұĺ˸Уʱͣ٣
Ȧʪˡ

ŮһֱƺġҽˣȴͻȻһλ˵
˲ĸǴıȡģҾ˵˼DaisySam
շĸоģ

ҡʻʿкŮǸŮҾת
ðɣ˵ҺܸǸŮϣǸɵϩ
Ůõĳ·һСɵϡ(I asked 
the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl. She told me it was a 
girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. all right,' I said, 
I'm glad it's a girl. And I hope she'll be a foolthat's the best 
thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.)

DaisyλϵŮ˿ɴ·Ϊ࣬ģ
ģȴģҲġЩŮ˵Ĵڣö
ʡ

ҿǰŮ˵ΪḻΪھͬʱ
еһŮҪܳΪһƯСɵϡ޿ɺǡҸŮ
ЩŮ˶һͬص㣬һ֮вò
ܡ;ͬ顱Ϊĳضʱ滷κ˶
ʮּѣʹЩ򵥵СǣҲܼŻƽ
Ǳķ˼ϣѡֻѧϰֶΡ

صDaisyĻʮֳ嶯ֱΪЩԼϤ
ŮЩС


10. Ⱥɫ

ÿϰ·ϣҶҪһšźܼ򵥣ֶֻ㡣

ҷԼƺЩ΢Ŀָ֢¥ݿʱ룬һ
ȿջôʱ룬Ϸȥô

°࣬оǰӵٶ쳣һƿ
Ǹţƽʱеסͣ·ߣ
һһ˽š·ϲûгļ

ֿһ󣬲żһȺɫΡ߻ģһ
㿪ʼ𽥱ߣڶӡһſ׳
ţֱԳʻȵűߵסһ̵Ŀˣڰѩ֮ϡ

ȻǴȥˣӶ㵽һ㡣һ˶˶ϣ
ݺݵس...

Һͬ˵Լ˵Ѿˡ˾һʮ
꣬ʱ·ߵһӴŻ

ĻһֱƲ籾Բ·̲ס
˸١ţǸȺɫѲڡ

Ѿůˣѩڻţƺ˴ļ·Ѿû
ǽﾭͻˡ


11. ֻĹ

ҳöŻȥ̽סͼÿһֻߵĶͷţ
һͳԾúܡ

ǴλعҼֻҪֻģһҵһŮͬѧ
ҵһ㡣˼ٻȥҲŲסˣÿһֻԼ
װ

ҺͱԼϽ֣ǸҪҴֻţ˵Էһ
֮£ûаʱ¶档ֻȡĳصĴ¥

һߵȣһʱһֻͷһ
ľȻͳֻ˼ΣҲ˺üΡٺ
ֻô죬ˡͻȻԼҲһֻͳ
һ飬Ȼڽҡ˵ܿ͵

ڹڣֻȻģƺûеһĵزҲв
ҵһûֻĳ־ĸˣƽʱ
æɾǲҪֻ˵ܾ壺СУһ
Ǽ־һˣҲ֤ʵ˵ֻⶫͺʹ
ƸһڹεȻɷ磬Ҫܾͦѵġ

ϴλȥиصض˵ֻҪ绰һ
ҪǸΪǸǲġЩѾ
һˣ˺ܶࡣ˵Ϊֻ룬󻻵Ƕ
ˣ˭绰һλֻһ룬ָ
һȫͬĺ롣Ҳ˵ԼֻһרŸõġҺ
ģʶʮˣǰѡ

绰ʱҾ㲻ĸ롣ʱ˺ţһߵȵ绰
һ߾ͻ룺ŵǸֻأǹŵǸͱ
˷ܵأǺ˵ģһҶ磬ˣͨˡ
æһҲܲͬһ쵽·ڴﶼǳ
ģûء

أһֻҲûС㣬ΪҲ
Ķ䡣


С͵˭

                            

ϰǷũ񹤹ʣӹȥˣô죿мλũ
¥в˵ٲʾ㿴ϰƺп¥£
˵ҪͿɣĥ䣬ֵˡ޴ϰͲ
ȫ¥˲źãͿԶøǷˡ

ʵܲˣԹ˵һҪȥϰˡ˵ǧ
ϰ˭ҪȥϰȻɱãһܿ
ɣһȥˣҲҪˣ͵ǸϰȫֽǮաܵϰİ
ңԹ˴ϰʲôʱ򷢹ʣϰ˵һ
Һݺݽ°ͺҵȭͷײȥҲ˵һ
ף˵ʽת飬ӱ

ҵȭͷϰ°ͷײұˡҾ̸
ˣʱҶԹ˵ǣֵҲũˣҾеС͵
Ƕҵľʾ֧֣˵ҲԵǵнˡ
С͵ҹľ֪ϰһᱻ
ҸøɶȥأС͵ȥɡҾҵ˼붷󼢶սʤһУ
ҿ˳صС͵ȥ

ҽ˵Ƕӽ쿪ʼҾһС͵ˣ۸Ƕһ
ϣֵбҪʽҵ֮ǰѣչ˺ԼǮ
˵Ǯôֵ֪ģǮϰ˻ֵ
ֵ֣ϰϰܡ˵ֵҿɾͲˣ
ǶС

ϰӣַѾ죬˹ѣ·ˡ룬
͵ԱȽϺأ˵ϵС͵׵֣Ҿ͵ϵ
С͵ɡѶ㻨ϽʣǮһ 

ڹϣһ˫ѰĿꡣ˶࣬кЩû
λֻվšҲվšҿһűСŮվǰ治Զ
ǸµģһҲѴ֮͵֡װ
ĵתվ˵С͵ڹ͵Զ
ʹøƱȡһУϳǰҲ׼˰ѷĵӣ
㵽ʱҪ

ҿСŮ޷ó˵ӣ׼ıȥ
һǱʵ̫ƯˣҾЩ²֡ͻȻ룬Щ͵ԵС͵
ʵ̫ɶˣС͵ֲƻ͵͵αذ˼Ưİ
أǲıô͵أСŮļ
عͷһľ衣˵еİɣ㱳
֪˶Ѱǰ棬ȴѰں档СŮ˵˿
ɾ衣Ҽ˵㲻֪ѰںױС͵𣿹ϵ
С͵ɶأרŸ˼ҵı͵СŮ⣬ڡŶһ
˵ллѡҵȰѱǰȥ

˵㲻лңлҵĻôʹ򿪱͵һ
ɣΪһС͵һĸƯİС͵С
Ů˵㿪Цİɣô˶Ҫѱǰ棬һ
С͵ңңС͵͵Ļ˵˼ҵİƯƯأ˵
ΪһĵС͵СŮţ˵ҿųϵ
С͵ͲС͵˵̣Ҫô˵أ
ˣѱ򿪣͵㿴ͻȷʵǸС͵ˡСŮ
Ĵ˱ٵǰӭֽȥ͵Ҳ־
Ӱһֻ˵˰ɣѾ͵ֻСŮ
ɴ˫ۣ˵С͵˵ѵм٣СŮ
˵ֻңء˵С͵͵˶ỹ˼ҵģС
Ů˵㲻ֻҪˡ˵㾡ܺɣƺСŮ
ƺƺ͵ֻץС͵ǳϲû
˭Сƺģҵ۹ϵ˿ɨȥһͷװ˯
߲ķ羰ͷģ߸պúҵ۹ⷢ
ײֻЦװɵ˵ʲôҲûҶС
Ů˵˰ɣ㺰ƺҲû˰㡣СŮܣǺ
˵㳳ˣҪ֪С͵ˣءСŮˣ˵
ҿ飬Ӵ˿ҪӰˡ˵ҲѹӰģ
ҲֻһСŮͻȻ˵ɲԲ͵ҵģһ
ˣǾС͵룬ҵС͵ĵһʽ۸һСŮ
Ѿܹˣȴ˵ǺˣȻˣҲ˼ˣ
ɣǲֻҲֵ˼ǮҰֻСŮ˵
ԺǧҪСЩÿС͵ôĵġСŮ˵ԺҪ
ҲҲС͵ȥ

ȻѾֻСŮҲ˵ʲôջûˣ
ҰװϹһˣԩǮѪ޹飿ܵ͵˵
СҷֳһλװĵǮˡһǮˣ
϶дŸǮ֡˹ȥ˵ãϳ͵ԣ
ȴ͵СŮģû취͵һΰɡ˵У
ȻǮȴ͵ʣΪʲô͵㼸ٿҲûʧ
˵ǣϵЩǮǹҪԺȵģܸ㡣˵
ԭλֲٰôͷġ˵ܽҴ٣Ӧý
͡˵͵ãеùԺȣȴΪ˵
ȱʳ˵ʱҲܽڼģҽžû
ΪʡǮΪǸһ󡪡챨ֽͻб
ĳĳġ˵Ҳĵ̫˰ɣ
˭˭ǱҲˣҪҪ͵һЩǮ͵ǹ
ڴͳ㶫οʽɡ˵뷨ÿ
ҸοʽʱǶҪʹ飬ж²ѵģҲǰ
˵䡰ү֮ĻҾŸһ١û취
ֻװޣǿΪ蹦̵һ濶һ١

һεٿ飬òģһµĻʳˡ
ˣӴҶС͵ְҵҲȰˡҾҪһС͵͵
ööණ˵һεľ飬ڶξ͸͵ˣԺ
ڹŵ֣͵òֺһ͵һҶ
ͬ˵Ͼô׵֣һ˼ҲûУǻζɣ
ʲôȽϺأͬ˵ɳˣǲҲ
ȥԡɳ˵ðֻûĦгͬ˵
죿ȥ͵һ˵͵͵һӣǾ͵һĦгȫµģ
ܾѡҺͬбȥǵġɳƻˡҶͬ˵
ɳô˵ǸѶȶҪϰһ²Сô
ϰأҵһƫƧĵطһˣȻһ
ڵ˵ļϡҶͬ˵㿪ҶͬеĿʵڲ
ôСľͼ٣һξʹӵ߷˹ȥĦг
ѵ˼ϵİ˵ٶܲܿƺãҲ
һҲ͵ˣʲô˵ˣ
٣ڵض˰ȴ׷ô죿˵ٶֶ̫
˰ҲǰæһĬһ㡣εʧܣһ
ڶᵽˣҵָһץͬ٣ǰĴڵ
ļϣ˶÷ˡ룬̫Σˣ
Ƕ˵İҪҶͬ˵ٶȻǷЩɣʱŪ
ɲáͬ˵Ҳˣǵ˭ܣ
˵

ǵġɳɹˣԳˡǿĦ
˴·ϡϷһĿꡣͬ˵ȥλŮİ
İڼϣ׶ľһСͬˡ
ͬаѳ˹ȥλŮʱȻ٣
ý˻ҶϾǲһˣһˣ
Сɥô죿ͬмʧ֣㵽ǰתֻٶһΡ
ҵڶηɹλŮߣ²֡˵ǻȥλŮ̸
̸ɣ治뺦ͬкܲģ˵Ҫ̸ȥ̸Ҳˡ
˳һ߹ȥλŮǰһھ˵ҪǮҪ
λŮסȥ·Ѿһ⻰ǳԾòˡҼ˵
֪֪ղŲɥλŮ˵ô£ҰѸղźͬ
Сɳȴ¸˵ûǰǮ
ȻʹСɳûСʱ˹
λŮϽԾ캰˵ô£ҰѸղźͬ
ɳȴֽһ顣֮λŮ˵λС
͵ΪãȻûˣȻС͵ֻҪǮҪ
ͰǮɣǴл˼ҡλŮԸ⣬͵͵λŮ
Ķ˵һ䣺С͵ˣءλŮϻ̳ϿֵذǮ
˳ҡҴгһŰԪ󳮵ݸ˵ܽһ
ٿ͵˰ɡ

λŮǮкöǮµĿˣҲЪҵ¡
¹룬ظȥ͵أ˵ѧУ԰ܺ͵Ҳȥ
ԣһҲáҶѸ٣˵ȥȥĳѧУ԰һô
ǻôͬУѧУ԰ܺ͵⻰١ҿЩͬǻĵ
һһԵ˾һͬǻ˺ܾãҲ
ͬб߷ŵİˡ룬Ҳ̫˰ɣѹ˵
äĿС͵ôǿҲһĿꡣҵ
ĿꡪһһŮѧ۾ҧ촽ԣеİڽ£
Ůİ£ڱϣС͵һССѶȡȴİ
֣ҵһֻջ㲻ѧ֤֤п֮
˵ûʲôá͵ģȥ͵ŮģȻİڱ
ϣֻ͵Ҵϵİһ㷴ӦûУҾͲ
ˣֽȥһֻҲѴ֮ͻֻǸ
ְû˵ġҸߣͻȻ룬ҵͬô࣬ǵİ
һᱻ͵ģЩѧ֤֤п֮ĶС͵˵ûʲôã
Ƕ˿ɾ鷳ˣ͵һغˣΪŰɡұ㵱
ǵġذˡ˺þãȴݡҲͷˣ
ı˵ÿˣȥԷɡǲҵģû
ֻÿİʲôԿô򷢴ʱ䡣ͳһ
˼ξѧȥģҷͰһˡҽͣ
ͳһС⻹е˼ҽζؿмͬ
·һкǹһ𿴡ǶŮھƣˣֹͣ˾
Ұѧİ˵㲻֪кܶС͵Һڣ
İ类С͵͵ˡѧ˵ллҪҳԷ
˵ѾǮˣûǮ롣

һ͵͵ҵũʱϰ壬ԣǸǷũ
ʲϰ塣ǱһҵλϰڱһŮ˾
òֺҲ˵ιιעӰ졣ϰعͷ˵
˭ҼңҪעʲôӰ죿˵С͵Ӱ͵
ϰ˵鷿ȥҵǮȫңǮҵ
鷿鷿ûкܶ飬кܶǮϰ岢û˵ѡҲ뵽
ϰûС͵ȴôǮҵС͵ȴôЩõ
С͵統ϰ壬벻ٵС͵ˣҪϰȥֻصңϰ
æҲٴֻõæҲʵϰ壬ܵ
壿ϰ˵Ŵѧʣ˵Ҫ׬ǮҾ;
̣ʡǮһǷũ񹤹ʣΪʲôҪǷأǲ˵
ҪһȸôѹʷǣǷţһ
˵ԭˣֲϰǷũ񹤹ȴһҲûСϰ˵
ҲһҲûУؼҪѧ´ãҪøЩô˵
ϰҲϰȥС͵ˡ

˵˻ߣͻȻһ⣺ϰ壬С͵͵㶫
ģΪʲôץС͵ϰ˵һС͵͵Ҷٶҷ
Ÿһʶ˵ûУС͵ˣأ





                               ͷ


                                  һ

ҪҽˣһΡ֡Ȼˡºǰ佱
ȣعڷ֣Ȼؾǰ쳣һֻܷ
գΪʱԣڱҵͷм䣬ˡ

Ϊ˰飬Ϊӵǰ˻ع羡Тһҽ
룬ʡᡣΰģΰİûŵʡҲ
ʵ롣ȵĸ׷ķֵʡҽԺһҽ
ʸǵǯ壬ƵıסȷڶͯҽԺ
̥֯ѧǰˡ

Ϊ˰飬ǰͺҪǵǰʡĸ
ŵһˣҪһʱֲǮǲģԭ
ʦºмģһʡһҵĶַ鷿
ҲٵİʾҾ̯ȱһҸĸ˵հ
Լ鷨дһ֣ѹŵζľУ
ڿϣͥһ

ھԪʡĴѧͬѧǣ˾ƣĽĿˮ
˽űһףջһҲŵԵݣŵ
ʵ

һжԣÿмҽѧĿԣԣ
ƽʱҵѧϰؽڸԵĵλסԺҽʦճ
ӶϣҪҪѧϰÿսսæ裬Ҫ
أ˽̶ҪҸĸŵԣΨûȥԼһ
ֱϡ

ѻ˵ˣҾ͵棬Ҳ档

ҵĸĸ׳ȼŮԲеҩڵ绰˽
̽ǰǲ䵭ҵĸĸ׳ǰǿ
ʳƷĸصһѰŮǲϰ࿴Ǹط


͵Ц

ȻδΪϤ壬ȳ˸׵õȤ͸߳
Ըƣһִ˲ƣϻ˵úãȢ϶˯Ҳ
ˡδãż飬ڳͷܡ

                              

ǰֵʡĸҽԺҽԺʷԭҲҽԺδҪ

꣬ʡҽԺԺһֱΪһ鵣ǣûӦҽ
ƵԱҵԸҽʹʡĸҽԺҽԭ
ܸӣƫԵӣͥķԣ͹ѣ
СԺŮȣʣ˼άʽأʶȵ
ʣٴʵ֮󣬳ΪһĸҽĿԸԺ
ӡˣϣԼ˼άʾ£һ
ĽӰˡԣıҵ䣬Թʡǰй
һλԷ꣬Ϊ̸ŮͼҳһҪУ
ȥҽһλ涼Ҿʡᣬһ꣬
ͨùϵȥʡҽԺơǰ֮Ժѡ
أԸҲС֮ǰǡ÷ĵҪѾ
ˡҪǣԺԼжϣǰ߱һ
ĸҽȾԣһ챨Ժ԰뵽
Ժ칫ҡ칫Ҳ󣬺ң鱾ڿɳҲǣ
ǰһм䡣ԺݴˣǵƬ߸ߵ
ӣ׳壬ĺڷ۾۾ºͶƽ顣
ϣ˫۾С͵ˣͱ
˵Ը޵е˭ֻǰºͶƽ
֪ҲҲһԣһá
Ժżɽҽӽһٴĸҽˣ
˵ҵġ

Ժеһһ

ǰΪ𾪣ҲΪж

Ժ˵һԴֻ꣬Ҫѧܳ

ǰٳĬˣллԺһŬ

Ժ΢ЦˣǾֻһˣŮʲô뷨

ǰ䣬Լֵ˸ҽԺһʱ֪Ϣĺ˵ĻֻҪ
һͺá˵Ӧû°ɣѧҽġ

ԺĦԼͷĵôЦҾԺݣ
ҲǰݣҪˡһͷ̣ͷá

ǰ⡣

Ժ͵һԭ򣬵ȻΪ˴ñķ㣬Ծ
ȾĿܡڶԭҪƽͷǹͷܹʱʱ̿
㣬ĻУһˡ

ǰһ룬ͷ

뵽ȣͷܲУʱС

Ժ˵ʽܼסԼݣǾν

ǰһ򳤷ûйͷӡҾ̵㡣

ԺһӣãȥɡҴӦܳɣһܳɣֻҪŬ

                              

ٴҽǶҽҪ߱ʣһǺգԡ
ȱϲڹ궼ûȡģ΢һ䣬ԾΪˡ
Ůʱҳ谮һв򵥣󱻵
֢״ǸιеһЩȷķʽ¿Ŀɶȣʳ
ʱ䣬ʳɲ֣ιˮʱ̣ˮôԣ˯
˯ȵЩ뼲޹صĽ͹̣ȥԶԶμ
ľһӽһ飬ÿٽʮ飬Ҫ˼εĶ֢ƣ
ոһգð꣬ܶҽᷳԵĸ¿
ڽؼҲһԲְҵĺ֢ȸǡˣɷҵ
꣬ߵ͡ÿÿеķգϻͻɷС
ƽͷȥμأҶˡҲôһ䡣ǰһЦ
ڴϣʱҲΪǰࡣ

ʱĿֿ˸ζȻŵҪԡҽȻ
֪֮ǰҪЩ׼Ҳ֪ÿµڣɹȥ˼£
Ҳ׼ʱ䣬Ҫôֵ࣬ҪôĻ飬оǰӦ꣬߳ˣ
Ŷ֮Ȼ¡𡱣һغȵĸĸ׸żΪŮ
ʮˡ

ףͨŬ˵λԤƣһҽ
ΪӴٴʱͺܿԣˡÿһ磬𴲣緹
ͬͺߴһȥλͯҽԺ͸ҽԺ͸һ
·ŶԴš磬ȻǰҽԺȴǰһʳó
ΪҽԺķ˱ȶͯҽԺúáǰô
ȻһȳԣȻʢ÷˵ȥǰҲһֱϰ࣬ǰ
²̨ô칫Ҵĺȣֻصλɢ
Ĺ°࣬ٴǰİ칫ңûӦ߻
飬ǣֻΰεߣȲҲġճͬһ
ңͬʱʿٷͿʼ໰ݣ۷ֻҪһ
Ǹ尡ţһ·߹ҽԺĿȫǷ֣Ź˶
л򲡡Σա⻰ǽЦǰ΢ЦҲ
ǣơ򵥣ʱֱŵʱɫСԡĿ࣬
񣬹ǹ֣ǱաغӶԡ

ˣ£Ƕ£ǰͺȻҹڣе
ʱ򣬲ĺ䶯졣ӦһӽΪ
Ǽǰ˵һ䣺ǮҲǹ˵
صʡǣԣһЦҲʾӦӽһз
öǳҲ˵һ䣺ԺǮҲǳ˵а
ֻҪţѧ

                                

ǰʮˡ

Ĵڣǰ泩һڡϻ˵Ҫ
ˡʥҲã׵ĿҲãѾʵ֣߽ҪΪ
ʵôأӼ괺ڻصʡᣬ糿۵ϱۣҲ
бǣЦҽʿרҵݣ̱

ʡĸҽԺʮвءһǼ֢Ϊ
ǰӹʼҲ˼ҽԺиϰߣÿ
£ҶҪ۲ͣһĵͬʱԤףµһƽƽ
Ҳ⡣ԺѭͬһҽԺְֲ
֡ǰƽʱûʱ֣һдžһϲʮ֣
ǻʿǺٷСܡһҪƤ࣬ξ
ʮ֣úīˮͿ죬ҲҽԺɫǰͻʿѾӮ֣
ΪٷСƤͿīˮأ绰ˣǺȵҪ
ǰ̻ؼҡǰϴӦͺþͺãԸءǼƵʱ䣬
ǰͻʿΪӮƶ㵸ͻȻƳһˣֲϢ
ȡǰһʮһ롣

⳵ԣ˾ǰַһᣬͬ
һŬ˾ΪһЦҴϱǰ
˵ĵַ

Һǰװ壬ҲաӣЬҲֱ
̻̣Ҫ׺ݵڿ

ǰ̻ˡİУӹĵһ˵˵һ
ȹε޴룻һŮߵɷε裻һ
εܣһʱζһοҽ
ôḶ́һκͻʿìôģһεõԺ
ıεĿģһζ֢ߺ˷ܣһյ
μҪǣ⼸ŮΪȺУ
ŮԻߣŮͬ£Լΰպ໥֮Ĺϵļ
ɡǰ̻ķţһ֧һ֧Ȳͣ٣Ҳ裬ڱ
һƪдõĸʼ̶ɳĺѾ
ˣվֱ߽ŨǺ˵ƽ˵
赭дļ仰ô飬һֱ˵ģ

ǰͷ̻ù߳ģҲǣƣ
΢Цţ˵һ䣺˵˵˻Ҫ԰һ˵ģ
鱾ûа

ԼĹ۵㣺׵ˣ˵ҿ԰ֵ

ǰر̻Ϩ˵ƣվںȵǰСܴС
飬иĸţǺ£Ҳǻ£˶Ļᡣ
Ķ룬ǶԼĻᡣ˵ҶԵ

Ѿָ˳̬һң˵ң
̫١

һֱ˴ǰſڣ޹أҪ죬һ˶Կ
һЩ㿴û˵Ҳˡ

ȱǰҲãԲ

ǰϨҵĵƹ⣺仰ֻܶ˵ˣ˵Ҳã
˵˾Զˡ

ʣˣ

ûӣǰֻһˣˡ

ģ˵һ䣺췢ʹ֣ңȥװ

ǰҲԺˣ㡣

ȼԺڲ봩Ҳûġ

ǰû˼ά˾Ͳ

˯ˡû

˯ҹʱ򣬺Ȱǰˣұúܣץһץ
ж

ȵı棬Ӽߵ¡ƤĺɫţƬӣ
ϸϸƤмţһץ͵ץŸ¡𣬺Ⱥþ
þžͳѪˡǰ˵ץˣȥҽ

ʡҽԺƤƵĻΣϸ۲˷ŵĹģͷֲȷΪ
ԵѰҩǣԵ㿹ҩһЩмص
ҩࡣοôͻȻҽһˣҩ̥Ӱ

һ㵣˶٣ô˵ˣ

ǰæЦ¡

룺ǵľÿڷҩֻҩ֢࣬״ܻЩ
ȫȬʱҲҪЩ뱣̥á

һͬİ취

ÿϣǰ񣬾øëذͿ
֢״һҪСʱеķŶѪȲŸе
ȻٸķžȵͿҩ࣬ȷܰ˯ǣһܹȥˣ
ŵķֲδ˿Ļ⣬ҲǡűͿѪ죬һѪ
ںȵıϣҲܻ⡣ȶɷ˵ȥѵǰ
֣õʲôŤ壺ѱϵⶼǰ˵ҽԺ


һξĵطʡƤģ˱ϵͳˣ
ˮƽߵΡҵݣڷƸÿһ
ķźҩ죺ˣˡⲻǹһټƤ



΢ЦŽͣýţԵģ˵ǽ֯һ߷
ӦԹպУһƳ̾Ȭ

ǰƺˣΣ˼Ҫơ

λ΢Цⲻ

һ˵Ļǣô죿

΢Циãֻ

ͬʱĬͬʱڣô죿

룺иƫǰлԹܹãÿ˯ǰͲ
һ飬ֹЧܺá

ͣ

΢Ц˵͡ǿԻȥԡ

ּһ䣺ĵطܲ롣

Ȼصȸĸңľһ˵ĸ̾Ͳؿ
Ѳϡֻһ㶣ú̾Ϣһ
ҪʼˣȻû鰡

绰ңȥȼ̾Ϣһ
ֱǿջϲ£ҪΪʡ򳵵Ǯ

ǰ˵Цͻ㹩˶

гͬһͣϴ裬ǰϸϸͿ
ڱķϣܿѾĵطȻЧʱ䣬֢״
⡣

죬ÿˣȵĲڻ⣬չˣ
ΪͶԳ˵˵ģͿڱϵҩõͶ˵Ǵ
˵ġǰŻŻţҹ˯ڵڶ
Сͺһ˵ַ˯Ӱ칤

                            

θҽܡһ֮󣬺ȱķԼС
ĺҲԱ䱡Ҳиơǰȵ֢״ˣͽ
ȥʹ̥̫ӰЧͬˡϣȥ
һͷǰδеĶ̣ڹͷˡҺ󣬺һǰĻش
ǣͷʼ

͹˲ȥҽԺšʱǳ
͸ư׵ؽֵͷ׺еѿĿ΢էէů
͸¶⡣װŮѾȹȣ֡ı
ȣò·˷һĴģȶͲ
ɺİзϲ̲סҪһĽкйһ
Ļ֮

ˡ

ʹǽոһصоʹ
ӣʹûʹĹɡΪʹ
ܶ׵Ůڶʱ顣ⲻǵҽѧ⣬
ˡƵһĵ顣ڰڣͬһ
ŮҲ19꣬ʱκ
ȰӰ㻹СаһܻУԺôأŮ
ڻش̫Ŷʲôǵη˾ܽ᣺
ǲҪ

Ϊӣǰ˱Ժνһ
ΣԼһ㡣ǰԼΣʱ
ݽҽ첻ͬˣҪɷҽԺԡ

ʱ򣬺ͻȻ֣ǰȥȵ˵һ
ĺˣˡ

ǰ飬æֵ֣ػյġ

Цˣǣӡ

˳һֱ˯꣬ǰǵһν۲
ֳ٣׺ıԵªǰ˲
񣬲ΪԼٿȺ顣ǣ
ʱԼҲڽʹƿҵΪɹ
ëһ̣ǰȻܵŻʹĶ˻ң
İ

ĺɫǰɫףˣ촽Ҳˣͺ
˵Ҳ໥Ϣңƽǰô

ǰҡͷû¡о

ЦˣЦֿˣ廹ãǣǣԲ

ǰͷȵͷ˵ˣ֮䲻Ҫ˵Բ
ʱ䣬ˡ

ĨȥᣬЦˣҸ㰡ղһһء

ǰʵʲôΣ

״̬£иΡ

ͻȻ㣬˵ˡ

ǰ֪һǸȤΣϷŹأͷϵëҵ
˰죺˵˵

ǰƤ飺˵

ǰͷͷء

ǰɫڻָ˺󣬻ֻصУǻؼҡ

ؼǳ⳵а̣ȶǰ˵еˡ

ǰ˵ʲô

ȶ˾˵ǰǲǵˡҼǵһҴͷ
⽣ζǳá

˾ش𣺡

ǰʣ

˾ͷҲأˡ

Ƚؿɷ⽵ζá

ʱĺƣ˾ʺĺȣ֪Ϊʲô⽵ζ

ֱѵ˵

˾ͷǸԭпڹžС˵Ԫľ
ˮִ⽵Ĵͷþˮ⽣ζȻð

һ̾ǰظ

ζֻڼС

˺ļܣϢĺȣԼȥչ⣬ֱ֮ȥĸҡ
ǰϰ࣬ȥȸĸңؼңͿֵ͡
࣬ȾڸĸңͿ͵ͽĸסŷĺĸÿ
ڼ̵٢

ܵƳ̺ܿ͹ȥˣȱķʧֻҲι²࣬
һССĺߣԼһƽףȻ¡ƤδĽǣ
ټܵķƹ̣һڷУ̫ˡ΢Цǲ
ܣܡ

Ⱥ˼죺һܡ

ηȻҲѧҽģԼѡɡ

ǰǸȻȻһؼҡ

һ⣺ܻ

ޱ飺Ϊ˱գһ֮ٻС

ʱٴﲪȻʱڣлŮֻһ壬
ĽǶ˵Ů֮Խ³´лҪ͸
ҪȻ˵͵Ϊ֤ȻԼаأ

һ糿˾Ϳʼⰵʾˣᴩ죬
Ķǿ죬ʱĴں壬ҹҲΪڱ
ˣһ׼ȷ˵й

һʱƽô

ǰۣҡҡͷû˵

Ȱɷ˵

ǰȻ˵ƺ˾޴ĿšЩӣһ
ļɷǰӣӼµǿСߣ
֣͵͵˵һ䣺ղͻȻðľҾ͡

ԺļĪʧܸգɲ䡣û
԰ӣû鰮ӣеֻǷơⷳڲϵҲ
ẹ̈˵Ӵˣͻﶼ漰Ļ⣬´̡
ⷳҲʶȤȻֻ飬쵽ͬƵ졣

                                

ǰͻȻãԼһոջ˳˳ˮת۾ͱ˵Ĵˣ
ʱաƴͽͣƴҲûж֡
˺ʱ䶼мڼƽϣΨаͰࡣ

µףĸͻȻ˵绰Ҫǰؼҡɵǣ
ǰҪȥϺμһҽԺ֯Ľ漰Ľ
١ֻ빤УʱԣӴΪТĸ׵ĲأԵ
ѪѹȡԹ׳ơСз硱ԴգǺȰ
ʺĸٲˮһʫ
ȻǺȡǰϺڼ磬һлǶź͵绰ѯ
ȹĸ׵Ĳ飬ȴûһʼȣȻҸĸڵ绰˶ӣ
˺ȣɺܾԶԶϺɷƬֻĺ飬
һܣʱֵʢģϢã֮࣬еƵʹ²
·Ⱦʼδ⣬ĸƽ֮صʡᣬǰʹͷԸ
ҩɡҽִУûкתʹBһ飬
õˡǻסϣǰżҺƣƺ
ҩܿɫˡУȻûһ˼һֱţ
ǰûԻؼҾТ˵ĽǰȻᣬϼӱС
ģ˿иν£ŮԵǻǷĻǻ֢ζ
ҡˣûлûзûˡ

ļ֮УΪѿΪνھڴʱˣҲ
ˡɷļصʡᣬȱµСߣֿʼɢˡ
û¡ҲûϴءȺûεĽ飬
ܵķƣֻͷڼר컹ãһҹ٣
ǰæؼңĵĺȿʼѧϰ죬ȴǰ
ؼҰͿͣܰͲ룬˯ͣŹܸ
ˡӾʹź˹Ҳһ
Եȫ͹ı硣

ܵƳЧȱķȫʧΪ˹Ч
νٿڷܵҩȴӦˡһΪ˱֤ӵĽ
Ȼһ֮ٻУͷͬ⡣

һȵ磬ǰȥεġʱֻص
Уڳ׼˵ٻٴ

Ӻǰһ٣ߵſڣΪʲô

˻ش𣬾ؿǰɷƺһηɷɷ
һװߣͻͻĺڷϷ˰ӣߵ۾
ȵĿ͸š˿֪ɷƤǳϸ壬
Ȼǿ׳ҲõϽ׳Ӳ΢ЦһЦ
ǴЦЦˣ۹ȴ˿ͻȻ𣬵һǰ
ǱĴЦƽ˵ĵһ仰ǣЦ˼

ǰӷһ䣺װ

ȻعҲˣûһ

ǰ߻ؿ£вָа

ȵصҲȫ

ǰ˵ˣڷ̵İ

˵ܼ򵥣ݷ˿С˺ͼǰļ
ķףϲݷɷϰߴʡᣬҲˣ
ˬɾӪݷŷɷĶ棺ڷҩ
Ӱ칤

ǰңش򿪿ĵӣת˼ȦͣһƵϣŵ
㲻ٴ̫ô

ȿŵӻ棺־ֹóʵߵ㣬ǡ
Űɣϲġ˺ҹ

ǰԽݷغһڣţҲ֪㡣

                              

ÿߣ·ݣǸҽԺĸ߷塣һںԪ
ķ򸾣¶ʱΪ˼ǿͬʱҲΪ˷ֹ
⣬ǿϸǰʱ˲

ҽԺǸԷյĻΪ⣬û
ļȫͬҵʡҽԺҲ⡣ͽңҽ
ʦʿ

һңңӤҺҽֵҡвڴ
ʿڴУ۲ı仯ʱӲ˳б
ͻҽһ仯ҲҪʸ

ǰֵ࣬յ칫ңҾʹ绰˵и
б䣬ֵҽ̾ȥµףʱֵʢģɣҰ
ʳѵȥǿյĴϣӻ飬Ե
Žжġǰ绰͹ͣĹͬһ¥Ĵңһţ
ǰʹ˵㰡͵ˣ

ʿŭϲң԰

˵ʿǺٷ

ǰֵͬҽԺһʱ䳤ˣ˵
Цֹˡ˽ʿ˵һЩ޷ǰѻñ·
˰ֱ˦ȵȣǰò񣬴ûٷ
κԶЦҲÿܣΪʮˣһҽԺ
ŮˣΨסҽԺ

Ĳ35꣬ǵ̥׽飬ǰ̥Σɲ
ģһ̥ǰ֪û⣬ҲЦŻؾ
ٷң

յЧãٷĹú¶Ӧÿ
ĵطûϣ鹵͹ԡɵ¿ŮԵڱεˣǣ
յĿռŮԵϢڸǲģŵϤϢȲǺ
ȣˡעĿصҽֵңߵſڣһ
ЦͻȻЦ

ٷҽֵңţЦʲô

ǰɵϣϵһЦ

ٷҲ˴ϣʲôЦ˵

ǰһֱ˼ţ໥ϢѾȫһ
Ц˵˵ʱŮ˵鹵ܻеġ

ٷҲЦˣһåȴǰ˹ȥ͵˵ţ
뼷ʱ

ǡǡǼʱ䡣

ǰһǣ࣬ںֱͬʱﴫ
ӤĿÿ£ӤĿ߽ĺŽǡ

ܾԺǰΣֻβûɫʺǣûĸ
顣ǣǰ̣ԸпһԶǺУ
ԼȫҲһ硣Ϊ̳Ҳ
໥У˴ľл̽㡣ڶڵӰԺ
İᣬճûйڣҲڣֻ˵໥Ǻ
˱ӰĻϵıλǵΪһǰţͦ
ߣÿԶһ磬ֿˡ
Ҳǰ죬ںٷᣬҵǰսͬʱ
ġͷͷóûˣ˱Ĵ⣬ǰ
һֱΪҹ

ˡ

һʱõϢԺصԼĹͷ ѽѽ
ҹңҿˡ

ӣٷȥҹǰڵھ洦֣
صһ

صԭĵطȴزԭʱ⡣

ǰҸͶվӵĻᶼûУȵһʱ֪
֮󣬸һֽдһ仰ҳȥɢɢġʮ֮
յһҪ͸ĸ˵𣬾˵ᡣǰǿϴ
׼ȥϰࡣ̧ͷǽƬ׹⣬лмֻӬţǰϸ
һԭǽʱ͵ľȡССĶӿƲӬ
ŵľֳﱳ⣬бڿǽǡǰʱͷ裬ϰ࣬
򶼷ˣ˾гͷһǸٵת䣬
ǰתˣóֻȻظһ仰Բ𣬱ߵ̫Զ

ΣλҲʡġҽԺҽͲ࣬
͸Ӻˣ鷿ʱ߶ָָ㣬Ůͬ¸˵ˡһ
˵ҽԺϧˣһֱΪģҪ֪ϵĻϵġ
ԴúΪ֮ظߴңٷԵ
ԴԿġһ䣺ƤȥӤһҽԺҽԱ
ǰҿӤ

ߺ죬ǰ°ൽҺ֣ˣ䣬˯
ءǰһεĽʱжȴ쳣ߣһ
ִֻӵļϡȷɷʲô

ҵǶʱ䣬ǰûڼʲôûУһӷ
æʵʲôϽȥԣ

ǰѾϣվڿȴӣܾûˣһ
һ𡣺ȵĸһ壬Լ൱ġֹŵ
˵ͣνĹڽŮӷϵ֣üмӾ
¥ΡӹҲʱǰøѧһʣ
ǡڶŮ˼˵һۿȥһ㣬ûرľ޺
ӵڶۿʼԽԽÿõʱúʮֿġ촩һײ
װǳȹƤЬžüǰǰ
İԺƺױˣ˵㾫ĵĻױһ
ױǰʤյĸоתͷݺ
Լһ䣺쵰ǰ˵ȿˣмˣ
ǽȥɡ

ǰȻ֮ãȥ·˺ܶණ˵ʿĺ˸
ĸſڣȲæǺȵĸ״¥ŰѶ¥ĸ
ŮȻһ䣺Ǹǵģֲҵġ

ʱ򣬿ȾƣȾƵǰҲùƿ;Ʊ
뱭׾ơһþƣϧûжӣŮҲȾƣǰľٶ
ʵġŮһ԰ͶЦԺ˵ûµģǰ
ֲǰǺǰҪɾܾ׵ġȲޱ飺
ңǴˣȨءĸҲһ˵һ䣺ҽ˵Ҫ
һٻУǰȵưɡǰǺԻеɾܾǰ
Ƶģĸ˵˭

ǰͷһػƱͷһڣ
θףһߣͷϵĺͳˣðŵҲһϸ
˾˼֡ҲԲˣٱҲٱһڣ뱭
ȥˣʲô鶼ûǰùƿֵ˰뱭Ҫ
˵ˣǰͷһ뱭θ
һϸĺȷ꣺ؼ

Ȼһ˵꣬ǰ̷˾Ʊҡҡͷûһ⣬֪
ԼȻľͽҪأǰƿ·һȫ
ֲȵĺߣ¡Ƥо飬һ֪Ǿƾ
û£һͺˡ

صԼУǰϴϣȻѾˡ
˯˼žƾ߹ȥ˵ң㣬˯һ

۾ʾں˭죬Ƴǰһۣû

ǰ˫ִӵļϣңңҿԵġ

һ˦ҲԣԼ˯

ǰֻöԻصС䣬ûӣ𡣺һüͷ
ѡһ˷š

ڶѾˣǰ֪ٵˡ緹֮ǰ
не˰칫ҡԺһŭҹʮˣҳٵ
ˣż˰͸ҳٵ㻹ְҽ벻ҽ

ǰֻҵͷ˵

Ժ˿ûŹ̵֪˼ҿҲ
ǻ£ˣҵˣвģĵͺã
ҪϾ䲻Ӱ칤ˣǸǰ;ĸҽǰ
;ˣǸҵģҵҪǰ;ҪС鶼
粻ȥʲôˡ߰ɣȥú롣

úú룬ǰ˹ܽ⣬û·װ಻˵
糿ߵ뵽ҽԺϰ˵㲻ؼҡֵ˵ʮС
ʱҽԺϢأҲԸؼңҪҽԺĥһ磬ʳó緹
ؼҡؼʲôʣһ飬˯Ȼһ˯أ
ʱϰ࣬ؼҳ˱Ҫļ񣬾ûжԻӶ١
ͳ

                              

ǰ£յͬѧţͬѧҵʮۻᣬʱڽ
Ĺڼ䣬ǰ١ǰһ˵θ٣һŵ
ĺšȥĺһ˵һȥȰһۣͬѧ
ʲôϵҹֵ࣬Ĺء

ǰһ㶡

ȼɷ򷢴˵ֻǮһ졭

ǰ֪˿̲ܽԹԻط䣬˯

һŵص磬ĸΪûһǰֻ˵ѣ˵
ҵѧϰȥϺȵĲ飬ǰ˵Ѿˣ׷ʣ
ûǰشҽ˵ҪһꡣҸĸһĬӭ
ͱ͡

ǾۻգǰࡣӶſʼǰͬͬѧʼ
񻶡ÿξƣɹɲ壬ÿͽˡһ̸
£ûн˼󣬼Ҫõͬѧڷȴ
ǰְҵ̸ʵǰЦáתŮϵϣɽ
ĳѧʿʦĹƽ̸Ϊ˿оѣ㲿ίϼ
ε棬ν뻶ӦνϲȤ棬
λٳȵȡֵǰ˵Ҵûȥ˻һһ
ǿҵĺЦЦ̫ˣʲôʱˡǰͬѧĵĭ
׷ɣɷ룺飿

һ˵ԭһͬѧ۵˸ϿεĽң
ԭλϣԭϰ೤һͬѧһվߺ
ʦãԭİʦڽ̨ϣ۾󣬷ԸͬѧǺã
೤˵¡ȻÿλͬѧϽ̨ü̵ĻԼĽ
ǰ̨ʱѾְ֪ҵͬѧЦŽеִյåˡ
ǰͨ죬վ̨ܾ֮Ҫ󵹡λ֮仹˵˽ܣ
ǰXXҽѧԺٴƱҵĿǰʡҽԺҽϣҶָ
һæ½̨ͬѧǺЦ˵㷢뺯һȥָ֮ܽ
ͬѧһѧУĴſڣȫӰԼϵõ
ͬѧٲȻվߡӰ֮ͬѧ໥Ӱһֱֵ磬
һȥ緹緹ûоƣΪҪۻᣬ꼶ʦ
Ĵ;ۻᡣ֯ȥڽسǵһ˹棬ΪЩ뿪
Զͬѧһ顣ǰȥͺ͹ٲȻһȥԡϴ졣

ٲȻڳɳҵǰ׬Ǯܶ࣬ò
ʼĵͥһֱƴû飬Щбҵûϴѧ
ͬѧĶӶˡǰҲѽ
鶼˵ˣԼĳû˵ֲ濪Ĺƽ˵飬
ɽĳѧĽڣʿʦΪоѣϼˣȾƣ
裬˯ҹسɫ鳡ٲȻǰһ
˵ѵ˼ͷ⼸ϰ๤ʲ
ô

ǰϸ룺ϰ๤

ٲȻʣҵʱأ

ǰһϸ룺ҵʱôרҵ飬ӣš

ٲȻû飿

ǰҡҡͷûС

ּһ䣺֪ҽġ

ٲȻһɣ׻ˣõû
´Σͽףȡɳ棬Ҵȥ۽硣

ǰ֪ٲȻ˼ʵʲô۽磿

ٲȻ䷳˵һ磬Щݲݵ˵ûɫ
侳˵󣬹ٲȻͬǰ˵Ľɳ
ܡ

ǰʱӿһǿҵĲƽû£ҾôһΣ


ٲȻǰĬΪ˼̷ԸԱλС㣺
ñ顣

ǰ˰죬ûùٲȻЭ飬ǵ飬
Ǻ͹ٲȻһ䡣ٲȻʵٿΣٲȻ֡
ǰбţֱ֫۾һֱԼĶ̿㣬Ψɿ䣬
¶šñСţųĽ뿪ʱС
ٲȻСѣ¡

Ĵ;ۻ᲻ö˵һͬѧֱֿ֣

ҹң̣ȥ·ڷſ䣬䵽
⣬ϴ˯ɵϣȻؼҺûȥ绰˺ȵ
ֻˡĵ绰û˽ӣһֵ࣬绰
λ˰Ҳû룬˯ȥˡ

ڶŵû﷢࣬ͷ¶·Ʈ
ǰƽȾһΡƹǴƺεĳε
Ʈǰ飬ڿԽԽá

Ҫʡˣ绰ȣָ⣬ţ
ĵ㵽ĸѾΣ£óһŴۣ
Ӧ򳵵Ǯ˶ӸģڿҪˣǮֲֵǮ
ǮԼͰɡʵ㣬Ҳûϱˣм
ǮҺĸ׵ĹײķصǮһĶġ

ĸеŭѵûϲӣ˵Щϻͷ

ЦЦϾˣ찡Լӣʲôǰ޽
ɣһ˼㱧ӡ

ĸ׸һ̾ϢСࣺҲûã껳Уܹܱ
ˡô6563Ҳ󣬰ǿԵġ

Ϸ˵ԻǰӦˣ˵ǰ氡һӣҲ
Ůأҿûӵı졣

׻ӻ֣ϵ˵ŮӲ

緹չʡϣǰƺ̺;ĸ
¿ڴ︸׸ĴۣоԼʮˣ
Ҫʩ͸裬ԼȴТܷϡТΪȣТ˳Т˳
˳ΪߣĸҪģԼһûʲôӣʲôˣ
˼ޱ߼ʣߺͣ˯ȥ

                                

׼ʱĵ㵽ʡᣬϵǣԵվ
ɡȱȻжʾ飬Ҳˡлؼң
һ·ǰУ˵˵ǰȻͬ⡣

ǰױһѸ׸ĴóλΣߺ򳵵Ǯ
ȲޱʾŽ˿ӿڴǰֿʼͬѧۻȫ渵
ֻĹƽ͹ٲȻ˵Щ顣ȿʼȤˣͬѧǽ
ǰǡִյåʱ˵ˣִյå˵
ԼҲЦˡ

һ·ѾʡһСƷггĶŴ
ȥţٹһ·͵Լҵڣʡܶ·ȴͷ
ǰСƷг

гڹ쳤̫ˡǰż򵥵
§סӵļ򣬲ǰĥȺ
ǰһֱǰ棬żתͷͣں޷ϣ󾪣
ӵ޷׷Сǰ뿪ʻԼ
һһָ㿴

ǰ̧ͷϸңĽдţ⽵ꡣһС֣
ԭַǨ

˷˺ܴżǰ治ʮСӣѾ
ſڻվһȺȴ⽵ʳ͡ǰӵ˵
⽶켸ˣȾ͵Ȱɡ˵˻ȥͲٳˡ

˰Сʱ⽵ʱѾˡһ룬ϸϸƷ
޵ľ׽ƺ˵ˡ

ǰЩ̴Ƕˣʲô

ȷ⽣ˣϴ˾˵ģпڹžС
ˮĹͷ⽣ζˣõĿ
ˮ

ǰһֻ⽣˵ƿʲôˮˮ
⽵ζôԵ⽣ôֻ뱥Ҫ⽡

ȱǰĻЦˣ˵ʲô

˵СĵذһȥʱǰҲںЦ
ʣ˵뱥ֻҪ⽵İ

ǰ꣺ǿڿˡ

˸ǮǰУȥ

˿ϦѾƽӭСƷгΪɶ
ɢⲽˡǰӡǵһΣǶߵƷȻ
ȤȵºܸߣС涼ҪפۿһӤ׶Ʒǰ
פƬ̣ͷɷǵĵһ̥Ӧöˣ

ǰһ㶣漴ش꣬ꡣ

ָָһȹſԴ·ˡ

ǰشҲǶء

Ȳǰߣǰ§һһΣǵߵ
˶ָָ쵽ˣͻȻðһ䣺ʱɵͺˡ

ǰһʱ޻Ĭŵ˼ҡ

ƣͼ;Ļҳǰҵһϴ裬µʱ
ñʹһȸ˳ô£

ǰϸһ룬ˣȥƺȶˣܣԼſϲģ


СĵذɷȥѾڱϵ·˵ǣã˭
ôƵġ

ϴʱ򣬺һֱվԡſڣǰ֣ôһ
ϴ

Ȼصɳϣϴ裬˵顣

ĵ˻ңȫҲյÿɵģҲ
Żҡǰȶĵɳϣøëͷϵˮ˵ʲ
ô

߱ܿԼŴ⣬Ҳ˻Ұʱˣһˡ

ǰûüӦȸһ䣺ġ

ǰû˵ֻͣסһжźȡ

̧ͷɷ򣺱ȥģ룬Ǹ˵һ

ǰȫ亹ֻðʲôʱ飿

ûкԺ

ǰֹ亹ˣȺҲʪ͸ȫҪѣžһ䣺
ΪʲôǱ

ȳĬ˺ܾãһȥˣʱġ

ǰͻȻñϵƤƺûкȾư
һ뵽ơ֣ˣ˳øӿˡҡҡλ
վԼűߣþȫȵزһ
ɢãֻϣͷƤ֫ĸоǰͷͷ
ǽҵĥͷϵͷе㳤ĥƺǰɴ
ͷǽײȥ硱

ɷһ˿ĸԵĹ⣬ܿˣת
֢ǰԼķ䣬˷š

                            ʮ

һµ··治ƽ߲ǰŴͷ׷ϣ
Զǰ֣ӰӰ´ˣһƺǺȣֲܺȷ
ĸݣܹȷǸˡԼеһѣ
ֻһѣǵǽ;ǳǰˡ
ǰǵѾˤ˺üΣԶӰˣ̧ȣ׷ʱ
ȴʧȥӰһͷٲȻվЦ˺
죬һɵıǰŮ׷Χ£ݺݺ࣬ӵӵ
ףǰòڡͻȻֺҲм䣬ǰŭ
ݺݴ̧ȴûǰȾ͸ϣ
ʹ֮Уۿ׷ˣȴ£ղסţһ¾͵ȥ

ˣ麹С

ǰ֪Լ˯ȥģҲ֪Ĵ˿Ǽ㣬
һֱǺڵġûӣʱ䶼Ǵֻáǰ
ֻֻʾʱĵ룬ϲˣʹͷʹøءֻͻȻ
һٵཡţһǺȷģ
֣Բ𡣴ʮһ㿪ʼСʱһһֱΪֹһ
ǰ˼ĳһɾһɾֻһӡĹٲ
ȻԼΣ̴ϴ
ϣдһֽڿϣҳȥɢɢģ١ºȿ
һŸֽдһ顣Ȼţס˿ĵ
һʿȥվ

ʡʮˣʱվǵһΣŶƱֵ
ǰˣһȥɳ̡

ƱԱ˻شĵ㡣

ǰû

ƱԱصʮУʼụ̂ҪҪ

ʮУûҲУ뿪ĵط

Ʊںңƣ͸㳡㱲棬
ղŵξ¥ϵĵȱ˱ʻʾȫԶ߶˶ƮӰ
ӣƻãȫ顣

иͷսƣ30һΣ100ȫס

ǰһ㶣ʲô

ͷУСϸϸ͡

ǰŻˣڵ䲻ԲͷΪˣ
ߣǰûȫ˰죬һŵС¥
ǰͷнţСſˣǰһλ긾Ů˶¥
ﺰţɯɯˡ

Сư˺ڣɯɯŮһ仰˵Ŀӣ
ǰܵһƨɺڴĴۣǸ׸򳵵Ǯ
һǰӷק˳æ¿㣬ס
Ҫ¥ɯɯãǰʮǮŵ߹հ˹
˴·ֱ磬סĵһ⣬ϳԸ˾ؼҡ

˾Цˣؼңû˯ѰɣǸңĻҵģ

ǰæ˵ԼҵĵַæǸ˵ˡ

һ䣺һ㣬м¡

ʿڰ밵ɫзǰУΪ·ĳͨ裬ٺܿ졣
ǰ򿪳ķֱꡣ˾ģ紵
ɡ

ǰЦЦû£˳ס

صңææţãûѣֽϣλû䡣һ
ȥֽţ䣬ֽ˺ƬͰ
ֳһءصȥ£Ƭ̣ǽǣһֱб
ǽǵľֱøɲøɾСض˼飺ϣ
ͥһÿǶɾˣŹҵ˿۷Сϡŵ
һУûоѺȣǰǳػصԼķ䡣

ϴ˯ǲˣһƬҪ뷽ŵξ
Ժպ͸ĸЦûӣʱ䶼Ǵֻáǰ
룬ôڣŷȥһСʱʱǰֻ
Ȼţ˰죬ǷˡֱƽۣŬ
ֻδδ𡱵ĶȴŶеȴ
ѳ˯顣

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

              ʿpǽpĻ

                          ܷۡ

ΪһڡĴУɽǰͩˣʮ
ʿκԺޡѧ˼ͩѧγ˵
֮ͩѧĿɽ档֮Գûţĩ
󰸡ɽ

ɽһʱԩǣʱ󶥼ѧ
ͷ塣˰֮㣬֮Ͽνеǧ
ԩ

ɽΪоӼͩʱΪ̣¼Ϊ˵
ӼǡŵȡΪԹֱѲŰסšΪͬ
˳ΪʿŽ࣬Ʋһ񣬷Ȼ֮ϣƽ࣬Ŷ
ʧ淶Գһ֮ķһʱԡĲɽ
ʿΪмһ²Խǽ

ʮ꣬Իаףֽ״ԪǴĪȻ
ԽҰ񣬴ֻӰۣ״ԪȴʷǵĶگֽ
ΪлߵĽʱνϱǿƳ
йءǼϴˢԼڸǳţѴԡ֮
һɽУʷӦĩ
͹ͳıͶ

ǵĲдԺ޴ѲŷŵǰΪ
ʱ˽ļ̸Ƿǣ㣣һʱ֮˽Ϊ֮
߶Ρƣ̲׷ǰǣ壬ƴ˿֮ͽ
Ĳ廪ԹأθԣΪ
Σ뷲ϼ鴦Ϊ֮䣬֪ӣ
ʩУ

ıϲ裬մŭ峯ִ֮ǰ
˵ã˵ȴ治֮ӦԼٴһʿն
ܡ游丸סòֵܽնŮĸ
檡á䲮֮檾蹦Ϊūɽеʷʵȡ
ǭš߷Т⿪¾ʬ޹ǣǣһͩ
ɴʦȫϼܡɽնĴˣǲ
ˡ

йʷ⵶֮ĻĲˣΪйԶ
֮ǲȥУУУҵǣ
ʿһʱҲһˡɱǣʿȴܿ
ʷĻĲ֮У֮֮֮֮Ϊ߶ӣ


  йжԣChinese Characteristicsж뱾

                       Ի

1872꣬һʿйȺסɽũ岼
ҽҩơͬʱд飬һ54ꡣ˵Ӣ
Arthur H. Smithɪࡤʷ˹һߡ
д˶ֹй飬ӰһChinese 
CharacteristicsⱾУоFaceӣEconomy
󣩡IndustryͣPolitenessڣDisregard of Time (ȱʱ
)Disregard of AccuracyӾȷTalent of Misunderstanding 
(Ĳ)Talent of IndirectionתĨǣFlexible 
Inflexibility ˳ԣIntellectual Turbidity ()
Absence of Nerves (ľ)Contempt for Foreignersˣ
Absence of Public Spiritȱ񣩡Conservatism(ؾ)
Indifference to Comfort and Convenience(ʺͷ)Physical 
VitalityPatience and PerseveranceͣContent 
and Cheerfulness֪㳤֣Filial PietyТģBenevolence
ȣAbsence of SympathyȱͬģSocial Typhoons̨磩
Mutual Responsibility and Respect for Law(֮)
Mutual SuspicionɣAbsence of Sincerityȱţ
PolytheismPantheism, Atheismۣۡۡ20й
Ը

Ȿ1894ŦԼFleming H. Revell Company棬
ѧɬΪģȡΪ֧ʡ1896ɶĹ
档³Ѹձѧʱİġ֧ʡǳƳ硣193610
5գ³Ѹǰ14죬³Ѹڡ˴աд
ϣʷ˹ġ֧ʡЩʡ
Ǽ˵öԣȴ˵ԭºͳޣ֤
йˡȻһֱĸ￪Ժ󣬴½Ļע⵽
Chinese CharacteristicsⱾ顣³Ѹоר1988ȫ飬
йʡҳȴʡδܸӡ뵽½һȶ
ªйˡУóҲǿġӱ
ѧȻ1991洨廴ġй˵Ը񡷡
ֱ1995꣬귭ġйʡĸ
ճ档˺󣬸ͻȻǷй˵Ը´½
Chinese Characteristicsһһ١ٶԸĿ

й˵Ը/ɪࡤʷ˹/ְŻ/ѧԷ
 /1998 
й˵ԡ/[ɪʷ˹]//ձ
/1998
й˵ʡ///Ϻѧֳ/2001
й˵ʡ/()///2002
͵й--ªϰ()/  /
/2004
й˵ĵС/()ɪࡤʷ˹/·/ǳ/2005
й˵С/ɪʷ˹///2005 

ڹл20068³ġй˵ʡ
룬УעⱾķˡй˵ʡ
ʽ⣬͵÷ӡˡ֧֮ʡ˻
Уע˵ŻȻԭ³Ѹֱȥ֪ʵ1903
Chinese Characteristics뱾Ϻ³棬Ϊ֧
֮ʡ1896ɬ뱾תΪģʱûֻ
ذ桱Ȿǻڹྩѧͼݷֵģ
лٰ档Ϊ1903뱾֮ԱһǸ磬
٣ǷģĲǵ̬в
̸۵㣬޷Ȿлַӡġй˵ʡ
֧֮ʡĹȻζͬѵ汾
ɬһЩۣ൱ȤTalent of IndirectionתĨǣ
һ£ɬ۵籾ǣΪ֮ͨϰձ˼֮
Ϊ棬֮Ϊ족Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬
ձйҲмֽơ

ɬġ֧ʡתΪĵλڡ
ԡУΪⱾ˽ƱƵġɲ֮˵ʣΪ
ˡ֧֮ʡԻ֧˶޴ʣɲ룻֧˼д
ʣ֪ɲ룻֧˼дʣ˼֪֧֮
֪֮пɲ롣Ҳ磿Ȿ顰ɲ롱Ҳ
10ҳ10ظ10ΰɣ߾Ȫ֪֪
룬˵Ҫڡй˵ĵСټϡϲѺʹ֡ôһء

2007.4.8

                    ӡɹáŮ 

                           ˡ 

ҶйУᷨŮҵע⡣һǻ
Ůӵ˼䱨İһǰ˶Ů˺ɹá
 
ҽгɸѡǣĸ̫ϣƺȥ
԰ǳ˼ˣס̫ԶߣԲҵ۽֮ڣ
ʿΪࣨףڻΪ֤
ܸΪŮŪòСͽף̹
ţսҲ֮իеŮӣȴ
ʬַ꣬áӾѪȴƫƫһࣩ
ĸǲ
 
ԶԣӡɹǽϽ˼ԵŮʿǵ
ҲƵ
 
һɹöɽ֣ȡ
ϣȴڽȻ෴Ķ棺һϼˣһѰΪ
ԵȫںأɹüʱĸΪ֮üִĲ
ޣĸǿܼ޺û켴ɺͶ˶ȻõҲǲ
ۣǡʱ֮ȣӵĹҪö࣬ȫΪй
ŵ䰮ĵһС߿ǧ꣬ر֮ʿν
̰쳾ʼɽʦŪǷǣѹ׷£
ʫΪ֤ʱ׷ף·ϻꡱǵá¾ƪо
ƣʳԹԹ裨jiaoϣֹ˵
޵ʼ̰գҲǵҵĳˡ
 
ڶɹõĹ£ڡ׷¼ڷ
С˵ͨԡμǡ϶ɴɳ
ǡﶼдúܾ磬ɹõƽ¼ͳȱٻϸȤ
񤱡䡣䴫˵ӵĹȴḻ쳣˵
֪ȥδʶҩβˣɿҩ̣
Ϊ֪Ĺ£԰ꡱΪ˶˵
Ů˵ɹҲƸͷϾͳ
ëࣩʱֳֺɻȥһʮ꣬
ڼõأˮݹһ˵ƽ棬Ψм縸
֮ͬǣ߹Ϸһֱε
Ϊۡ߹³Σʱжᡢɡҩ̡
ĹߡǬ¡䷽ɡ׷桷ˮš
ڣʹ¸֪ߡξ䵯ʡճ
£Ū飬ָ˸Ѽ߽ɫˡ
 
ǵĵʮָߵѷ֡ľ硣Ӳ
Աʹˮ࣬ˮɽɹõ£˵
ָˮɽپӸʹЩΥѧɵܣԶ


ʵǡɡ֣֮ȵǣ
ǡǡҲǸ˼ɹλеɣȴ
йɻ֮ȥԶߵص磬μǡ
ٴۻƪһᣬ 
㸰ڣᡣɹһ֣Ի
޹⣬ڶǻУˮ롣ɹʱɹþ
ⱦȦס˰ӵ̫ӣ۴áе㳣ʶ
˶ף־ࡣܱˮȴڶ
С⣬ºˮ족֮ơɼˮʲôȫǼٻʣ
߸ˣױֱΪȡȡ塢«ģҲܿ
ءɽȴƴֶҡǬȫˡ񶾡ȫˣ
ǰΨһŮܡ
 
ȷʵйŮǻ۵ģȴøСɹ»ۡ
ǣǷϵĸȴ
ɹϵҲ£ԼΪͨӣԲ롣
ûӣǼαͺ¿ϳûӣſֱ
ȥǷҲʹһӣûӣȴڷˮ֮ǰ׵
ͨ뺣ɣˮͽɽ£Ůӵ¸򶨣
ԵĴУδġȥɹ
ɱ̫һڣûɹжļ¼أɼҲ
ֶˣһЩۼɡ 

һУʹӳΪйĻһе 

˵˵СĹ¡ҷ֣СľӺơ
 
һǵİ鶼ıйءǶɶóˣ
һƽϵӡͯɾСߣ߼޸ΨһҪ
ˡСӣΪһŮȣӱȢǸ
ΨһܰˡΪ߲˵ܣΪӵı
Сʧȥ˻һĻᡣĳϣߺС㶼
ư͹ŮԾ΢СĴȥӮһȫȫİҲΪˣ
ǿǵˣһ˵Ůӡ塱
˼µ˸ԲҲСͰԸ
 
ڶΪ˱ΣΪ˰˶˵ֵãǶ˳
ܵСó˵ϣͽдúȷ
ʼؿʼܹм䡣ǵ
شöࡣ߹ûдʮַҲĽ 
ͬһ㣬ǡ̰쳾ʼɽǵĹ֮ͬǣΪ˱óˡӵа
Ȩ벢ʲôʹʼն˼ξ
ŮУǡһŹֵĺӣ󰮽Ǿʲ
ôһֱһ˼ĺӣøˡ
ǶһȥһЩʲôʲôҲ
˵ͬŽִеİڼ޸ɺϲһֱ
׷֮ǰǧɽֿޣ֮δ֪ľ£Ҳ
ȥˡӹŵôɽ־ֻ֣һˡС
˵ǻۺ˼ĻԵ
 
˵˶԰ӺСͬ飬߹롶Ů
βһ̶ȲһòģʽŮĲǽС㳬
磬лĹȥһꡣȷ
ĸ˵ûһꡣǴòһ
ɫĺһֻҪһˣҲ̲෴أһꣻ
Զţʹ廯Ϊǻŵġʵգһֱ
ЩҫŵǣŮȡԱŷ񻰣ԭͽҲ
Ƿͥ˵ǰͽһдģʽһǡСŮ
 

ߵġ³Ƚϸӡδ׷ֻǸħ
Ϲ£ĩɫա˵ˡ׷
˵߶ʧܱѹ£ɶȥʮ߷Ϊ
ȣͥסзȥƾɣ
Ҳһ˶ԭ£ûзɽ硣ܵķУڶ
ûСһûʸȥԼƢ̫
ȥ 

ӺС˼Ҳнϴ졣С
㣬ĺǶϵĸһԼĻ̳
̫һĻ䡣Сһϣͯ׷
ڴϣĺˮƺ׵
н㷢һѼ⵶ǣƺûͯģɽ
жȹļǧįȫڵסˡֻʣССͯĴ
Уܸһͷ׵롣ԶԣӵĽָɲҡͬ
С࣬ȫûмͥů֧Ԯǣһ˵
ӵĶֳ״ԪϽĸϲ׼
ǰ״Ԫӳ֮£̾ϧߺ޲ѡ
 
ڴˣľ޴첢ζġȷе֪С
䣬СʮʱϺ棬硣ΪСŮ
гȨǸȤģֲϡΪ
ȷΪû˼ξҹ޷ܵģ
˲˺ʵʡһ棬ǲ֪ȷе
䣬֪ʱٸշתպһ̸ۼʱ
ҲʮֵʣǻĿȴʵʣˣ
ӡĴ룬Ӯһҫǡ
Ļ᣻һεòòİȱٵġ
 
Ҳв߹֮С̫С
һһԵ֧ȫ飬˹ֵĳ˼ûл
иľ档СҲûʵʵĻȱδ
չĿܣûй⣬Ͳк˽£ٶ࿹磬ĸ
˼䣩ڡУ伸ĥѣղͬϷɸ
ͥ߹µĽֳ˵ǳġŵģչĿܡ
Ϊһ㡣ΪиһЩһЩ롣
 
˵ȻͬΪĳϵġɳС˵һŮĳɳ
̣һٸĳͲģʽԣȻֱָ֮
壬СڶԳġִӹڶʵ
벻ڴˣɳԴؼڵġ족
ġ˼ԡϵʷѧ˵ɳһΪҪ壻
Էʷѧ˵족һΪҪ塣

ǵüǰɶ顷жԡߴ롶ʥĸԺľʱ
ǰһ˵ƷʵıĹµķ
˼ЧһǿҵķİȷѪ
ɱڣϵ档߶и顢ϵڱѹŮӣ
˹÷Ϊ֮줚[߶иµɮ
븱̸ʹߡƷжһֵðġ˰ԼĹ
ӣ븥˹ӳ˵ŮӸĺģʽԶԶֻ
е̡һֵñȽϣ˵ƷжһŮ
˹Ů˹ҵûгɹıԵҳʽ
Сòª٤ĪࡣǸˣҪǣ
Ǹ֮˼ˡǣѸ¼ǵ
̾

Ҷһǡߴ롶ʥĸԺıȽ
˵ֻ˵ıȽϣ޵ıȽϡȻҲ̸
Ůֻ֣ûоչ˵ӡһ
Ӱġˡʿ϶ˣƿ˵Ǵźǿ͹۵ 
ƪի־졷еġƤ롶μǡеİ
ǾڵڶдŮŮѧƷԳ𣬵Ȼի־졷
дŮ֮ɰƷЩƷе߻ˡ
ɮĳͻԶԶûм񵽡ӡĳ̶ȡڣ
׷ȥʣΪʲôֻСͰ߸
أΪʲôΨôҵؿðȥЩ԰Ķأ
ͱϣˣޣˣޣǲƽȵģÿˣÿֻޣ츳
ܴ󡣷Ƿ츳СͰߵĳ˼У
ǸܵǵϣֵġΪҪǣǻϣ
츳ʱûı룬ǲ˿˷ı
Եһֳ׵ֺϣֺϡߡݶȫ
ˡĿܡ 

Ҹ˶ԣϲǡߴ롶ŮЩ
˲䣬ӺСʱʱ̶֤̿׿
ǲǹҪر¸ңֻ֮ڰ˵ظУ
ɶԡˮš¼ѶӿȻԻɹã
źһˣѺˮ졣㣬ô˵
Ҫ˵Ըû

Ϊˮɽ֮ǶĺҪĲ˵ɵ
ԣǴԵձԡΪʹɣҲȨȨ
ͬķʽάԼȨҲ˵иҮ
ϲ壬ֱ˱ܼ档ڡŮĩβС
ϵ۵ֱ̫ۣһθеҪᡣ 
йĻУǴûġΪϡеľǶά
ⷽӱֻСʥաɮϵ
ѧͨխҪס۵죬ȴһ˼
ϣ˵ú֮ˣ֮ʱѹɽ¡
ȴиԱĺֽɽͣ
֮·

ɴ˿ɼʲôɽǧ˼˿
ĳԡҾãǵ廹ΰġΪʹΰˣҲ
ΰޡҰϣڿ˵İϡ


͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס


ؿҪԡ

                                

һ    ǰ

ΪҪԡҽϵͳٴԷḻҩ
Գǰ£ҽʥپ׫дģⱾڵԺ̳Ϊ
ҽľǨ1700ꡣΪҽѧԺѧҺͶⱾ
羴һ˯һȻ֡ҷж
ԵȻҪԼʲ޷ȫʥı⣬ǽѣ
ҪҪԣһҡм붷ģʥҩҵĲ˿ҩ
ն޷֣ΪȾͲܸ˵ΪʲôҪӣ
һӣҾ޷ҵĲ֪ͬ⡣ʥܿ϶
еЩҩЧҿⶼֻٴҩڵ
쵼µйٲʢ㸻ԣҲִò
ɡЩû죬ҲᡣΣҶһɲ
ҽҩЩɣҵĸĸҳĳĳҲ
Ϊһֵһҽеʡʵҵҽѧ
йüεֵĻԻͣʹҸ˼νط
ҽѧ¡ЩԭоҪԡͳΪҵҵమã
ûٴҵоģڴûеõ
κιٷģ߹ٷϿɵ˽˻ҲİãΪҲ
ͲκҪĳĳָµѹĳɹܸӿɿ

ǰѧһӢĺϳɴFuckyouabilityFUAֵ˵˵
http://www.slate.com/id/2143232/ҵĶӺһCCTV-4ʱ
˵CCTVûFuckyouabilityǶһ໰ֲ̫Ķ
Ķӵķ֪һô߼ĶôôĴʡ
ҵи׼򣬾ǣǺõӢģҪɺǺ
ĶҪҰֵĴʣȴһλ룬
¼̣Ӣ̣κȲܣҷһָ˵
ȥġΪǰ޽ǿҵİ˵üȥģ
ġCCTVΪ࣬ȻûԴ˵ȥġԺã
ԸӯйǸʲôģ㻹ǲ˵ȥġ
ɼҲû˸˵ȥģ̣뿪ԵƮݡ
ҵоҲ˵˵FUAʮģFuck you
仰˼˵ӭѹ⡣ʵһһЩҵо
ٷΪ˱FUAܾһЩԴһЩΪƻ
FUA̫ǿܾ

ҵļƻܽҶԡҪԡоؿҪԡƻ
Ҫڳ飬Ϊһǧ飬ںнľļꡣ
ڶʮһͳķҽ棨飩ҩѹ£ؿҪԡ
ԵúҪˣΪؿΪǶԷҽѹһ侲Ӧ
ԡ

1986ҵͬҽƴѧҳҽѧԺѧһѧڵҽѧγ
Լ40Сʱ⣬ǰûκҽٴ顣ҵĹĹУ
紫ţ˵ûѧҽͲҽλзӵ˶Դ
ŷķʹܹļҿܰ°һ
־磬µ׼Ҫľġ

پԭڶĩкٶ
ǰǵڶ档󼸾¼޷ȷг
˶ٲͬİ汾䴫ţС˹ĳЩҲ˱
ĵذԼķӸӽȥʹñԻָԭΡɽҽҩѧϣ
250014ŲӫwжϣĿǰġ˺ۡ롶ҪԡӦΪδĳ
ڡ߱Уǿǵ档ؿõİ汾
ģǱ˵㣺1ҵϣ޷ȷ
Ƿδ棬ĿԶҹʮĩġҪԡ
2ҵؿҵ˼·˺ܴĵɾ˺ܶע⡣
ؿ뵱İУFUAϸߵ˿
ȤѲο

ϤҪԡ˶֪ⱾжʮĲ֢Լ
ʮؿʮ࣬صȫɾ
ֻмҪһ۵ݡƱػһЩ˵ķУ
ԣҪ˵ҵɡҵڶԡҪԡļķ
ҩкϵĸ˿Ҫ̸̸ķ⣬ Ȼ̸
̸ҩкϵ⡣

֪ʶзǳҪһ֣ȷķ֪࣬ʶ
Գ룬Ȼ󷴹ٴθ·࣬ѭϽлʷ
ƾã࣬Ϊһֱͷչ֪ʶڶԴѣּͥ
ҵȵϣҪãķЩбӦõ¯
࣬Ϊлǿ˾޴ĹסĻԻͣȴ
ˣ˵ƷԣϵԼ˵ĵķϣҼ飬
裬αľ磬ģ磬񹤣Ͼţ
Ϻˣ絳ƣֽϻ٣ţˣĻˣʫˣС㣬꣬
ϸɣʿȵȣȻ֪ʶķ࣬ȴ˾úЦ˹˵
ĳйٿȫ顷濴ķࣨһײ˹ȫûҵ
ԭģ

1ڻʵе
2зҷζ
3ѱ˳
4
5
6˵е
7߶
8Ŀǰе
9Ƶķﲻ
10
11ʮ־µëˢë
12ȵ
13ոմˮ޵
14ԶӬ
תhttp://www.frchina.net/forumnew/viewthread.php?tid=28101

˹˵ʲôٿȫǲڵģҾûгҽ
ʥڡҪԡԼķ࣬ҾԹڡҪԡ
ҵˣʵ˿϶ˢ٣йͳҽѧʷ϶༲ǻ۵
ʶؿĻᣬҰΪǡķȫɾֻԭ
ڵơֻһɣǲò˹ҵǵİѱ
ǵĴͳĻж㡣ͷ󺹣ҵΪڶ
ȵķ࣬ǵѪҺͽ񱼡

еҩûбΪٴϵȱȡᡣҩ
⣬ΪҪǸѧ⡣ϴҪһ
ͳƼ飬ֹɣҰȫҩһλѧ
SASõķ֣ô»ᵥҽͨߡ
̾ƺʳȷһĲԵͳݣ
޸ĵȨ

ҩ	 		N	= 	262
ҩɷ־		Mean	=	    6
ҩɷ		Max	=	  24 
ҩɷ		Min	=	    1

ڶ     Ҫԡ 

อȺ֤һ

ǧMѣԽһߣаอΪҲߣ֫
ϣѪഫͨΪƤҲߣҡСˡ
Դ֮ɶ

[עƪնҵԿԲ򲡣֢
񲡣⣩ˡ]

ʪ֤εڶ

ٺϺ֤ε

ԻٺϲߣһڣϤ䲡ҲʳʳĬĬ
ԣвУʳʱвʳʱ纮޺
ȣڿ࣬С࣬ҩΣҩߣͣ
΢

[ע֢ҩ]

֮Ϊ״˺ĬĬߣĿñգ𲻰ʴںΪ⣬ʴ
ΪʳʳĿէࡢէڡէסʴϲȡ

[עǾ֢ҩ]

ű֤ε

зڲ֤ε

ѪͲ֤ε

Ӹ֤ε

֤εڰ

ʦԻб࣬ŧолаĲԴӾ֮ʦ
ԻಡٸϳʺֹԴӾֵ֮

ϳأʹȣ֮

[ע֢תϰҩԣִ֮]

رʹ֤εھ

ʳ֤εʮ

纮۲֤εʮһ

̵Բ֤εʮ

С֤ܲεʮ

ˮ֤εʮ

Ի߿ˮĿ֫ףС㲻֮ˮ
ʹϳʣ״⣬΢ȴʦԣࣿ

[ע֢ҩ]

㲡֤εʮ

ѪѪ֤εʮ

Ż֤εʮ

ӸӸ֤εʮ

ָת޻׳没֤εʮ

ﲡ֤εڶʮ

˲֤εڶʮһ

Ӳ֤εڶʮ

ĺ֮

ĺǧ¼ᣬ⣬֮
֮¡

[ע֢ҩ]

꣬ϲޣǷ죬֮

[ע֢ϰҩ]

Ʒڶʮ

ɲεڶʮ

ʵ˹Ƚɲεڶʮ

ҪԡȫꡣڵļҲɢˡǵģҾþ
Ŀ¼һĶΪܼӣܹ͵ǻۣҲ
йҫĻᡣשĽȶĵ֡

   

ȫʮ༲鵱Уĸֱ˾񲡵⡣һ
ȷ̸֢ٺϺ֤εԲܳԣ˯
˯߲ߣ֢״ԼرҪ
ҪȤ٣͸Ϊ걸ڵʱ˵ҲˣΪг
Ƶ֢Ǳܵĸı䡣DSM IV
ͳֲᣬ֢ϱ׼ٺϺԺ
Ժǣһ֢

ǰ˵飬ȴǽͬһìܣ֢
ǴģԶԶֹ⼸ϵĲ졣ôҪʲô֢
ȽϼĻشҽѧҽϸ㲻Ĳ֢Ƕû
κΰȴԵؿĴͳִҽѧ֢Ŀ

ŰԪǰ1900ףϣϣHippocratesԪǰ460
ҽΪ֢ǴŮԵļΪӹߵ²
Ϊϳֲ֢״ʷͽHysteriaϣĵ˼
ߵӹص֢״HysteriaĴΪ˵
ӹߵͽGlobus HystericusĵĽ̿Ϊ֢򡣵ʱ
֢һƷǰʺ˵ıǿӹͻų
λԼĻ⣬ȻжԼĻơȻԼ̽
ǡǡһӻȷĹ̡

ϣԺCelsusԪǰ25굽Ԫ50꣩Ϊ֢ӹһֶ
ԼԼڹԪ50굽150꣬λAretaeusϣΪӹǾж
Ķܼע⵽ŮԷϵĺ٣
ҪͬʱԵ֢ͬʱSoranusҽѧķѧ
ҪΪ֢ӹ֢¡ӹƶΰ
ĸأGalen129-199꣩ĽҲԷˣΪӹ÷
Ķ֢ʮΰӢҽWillisΪ֢һ
ϵͳļԴ񾭣ӹʮ͵ʮͣµľ
ȻҲֻоܸǣ֢ĵʹ࣬
Щصʹͯ꣬ڳɳڴˣڹȥʵ
ĸֹϵĳͻΪ޷֤αڸΪ֢֢
ľѧPsychodynamicsʶĿǰ޷Ϊִѧо
ȻִӰѧŴѧ֪ѧǰѾѧ
ִѧ;Ŀѧо֢⣬Ŀǰȷ羫
⡣HysteriaĴִѧ𲽱Ϊһּ
֢ʽȻDSMУconversion disorder[ת
ϰ], somatization disorder[廯ϰ] Լ histrionic 
personality disorder[֢˸ϰ]

ҽʷϣ֢걸پġҪԡ
֢صȫؿġҪԡ档

֤εڰ
зϰתϰ
ˮ֤εʮ
תϰ
Ӳ֤εڶʮ
зϰתϰ

ϳʣ״⣬֮֮¡оϵں
Ŵҽѧǧ꣬ΪǵϹܵӹĹŴҽ
ѧܻؿ֢ʱйҽѧѾ˶֢ʶ
ǣ

1ص·
2֢״
3ҩƶ廨ŵӹ̶
4Ч
5ŮԽ϶࣬Ҳ
6仯
7Ϸ
8ֲʵıֵӹûй

ִѧ֢ҽʶȫͬġӦ˵ҽ
˵ϳʱϣҽѧ˵ӹûбϵĲͬǣ˶
УӹֻŮԡҽѧȻữΪŮȨ˶е
һҪ⡣

پڶĩ꣬͸صڶ֢ʶϣ
پ棬ͬʱڵҽѧҪӽӽִ⡣һ
ҽѧԵ֢йܴ飬Ϊ֢Ů˶еĲΪ
ûӹҪԡܽǰ˵ľ飬Ͱѱг״Ҳ
࣬ڸӲˡ˵پپǰĹŴҽ
ҶԼûΪԱƫҪرᵽһƪڽ
ۡꡱ֮塷ǻӢϺҽ׹   
http://www.pharmnet.com.cn/tcm/zywx/xstt/6151/ӢΪҪ
ԡĸ࣬Hysteriaͬһޣָ࣬Ҳӹ
Ϊپԭ⡣ڸﲡ֤εڶʮᵽ࣬
ΪپΪӲȥֶָ򡣶پԼҪ
ӦΪ֢״ǲҺ
Ϊ෺ָࡣ

ڶͻ֢ơʾʹ߶֢벻Ч
ĴͳĶ֢ǧٹֵƷǿҴ̼ζӹλ
ңųMesmerismȵȣҽҩĸԻ
š֢ҽѧʷΪʮĩΪǹ˾
Զйʥˣ֢Ҳ˿ɹ۵Ļرҽкܶഫ
£Ҿã֢ϷԵĲϷԵȬٲִ档
֢ۻҵıݣʹƼԼƵķġʷ
ҽЧʱҲҪע֢еĻӰ졣Ҫԡû
κιĵ⣬Ľ֢ƣǱȻġҶ
ƷпԿ֢ܶһٳĹ¡ֱ1958꣬
ڱ֢ɹϢûпŰ
ʾڱֽûкȷ֣һ֢õİʾ
ȻҲͽǸʾƷ

Ҿ˸ǵԽлǺֵܳģֻס
Ǿͻڵ֮顣

رҪǣ°͢1957ġйҽѧʷ1937棩
һаѡҪԡġꡱЪ˽Hysteria룩
ϵHysteriaĵʣΪǶԡҪԡΪʵ
ĶźʮԺң˵κ⡣°1937һ
ʱͰϵĻӦҿĶߵĹϵ
Ъ˽ĺֻΪǽùܶձ
Ĵʻ㣩ֵʱ䣬ӶʮͳڵйѧƷ棬˼
鼮棬Ӧûҵļ¼ҲйҽѧĮӣЪ˽
ﲢûΪ°͵ͣ½Ųؽ뵽ճĺ
֡

Hysteriaʣ1952꣬ʽ뿪ѧĹٷĿ¼
֢˺ܶµѣճС

һ˼͡Ҫԡ޹صǣ֢ʣβ
ġҵڻûд𰸡һٶǰʿҽҩ߸Ķ
ʱûȥоΪ֢Ϊһ֢ȫ
Ϊҽѧص㡣ҵǣʲôʱ˭˻Ի͵֢
HysteriaӴԴĽǶıⲡô
ʲôʱģĴǷڶԼʶҽѧʷ
һӹûйϵĴȡHysteriaô֢ķչʲôͬ
Ǵ𣿾سԽҵپ

ȷ֢ǴܶࡣսлͣپĴ
ȷ˸һĻᡣ

οף

ٺԣйͳѧϺƼ1995 P136
ڳ°ͣйҽѧʷ1957޶1937


ڱ༭
Уԣƽ
󡡸壺ꡢӡƽӡФëӦҡ
֧֣粻ܡʱա
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.org, xinyusi@yahoo.com
ϵַNew Threads Chinese, P.O. Box 26194, San Diego, CA 92196, USA
У˿磨 New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://xys.dxiong.com
http://xys.3322.org
ġ˿¿ŵxys_gb-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
˿վµϣŵxys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
ġ˿֮ѡŵxys_friends-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

