                        ˿µϣ20041211գ

04.12.10ûи
04.12.11, Ϸĩҥֹת󶹵ǲֲͨ
󶹵ġ
04.12.11, SkullerϷĩרõɫƽ֯ѧ˹±˹
Ǻˡ
04.12.11, Rice-cn㽭ѧˮѧصʵҵġ
04.12.11, eananҵһ㿴
04.12.11, աѧƳ9-11桵뱾һ鱻̣
04.12.11, ƿ¶ҵѧ˶ʿоо
04.12.11, ޼ˡŮļͥģʽֵЧ𣿡
04.12.11, ׻øĸ߼˼ά˵ƻ
04.12.11, ѧԺйѧаǹ
04.12.11, Ҳ̸̸ѧԵһЩ
04.12.11, ɽͯѡ̸
04.12.11, ҡ2004ŵδһѧ

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Ϸĩҥֹת󶹵ǲֲͨ󶹵ġ

ߣ

ΪũûѧƷҵʿ֪ʵ£

1Ŀǰ㷺ʹõתֻɽĿݸ좴󶹣

2²Ӱ죬ֻܽΪݸ좵ĲЧݸһ
ԳݼǿɱֲתĿݸ⣬
ݱ÷ǳ򵥣

3ǲݸеİ˥ֻ47죬ʵϵĳЧͨ
ڰ˥ڣΪݸڲֲ壬ϺۻԺ
ͣ

4ԭ򣬲ݸԶͨʹãǰòݸ
ӲݾҶ2-5ٲ֣ǿݸӣһ㲻
ҩʱڲֺ󡢷ѿǰҲʹã

5ֻҪ˵ķʹãΣ²ǲܵģʹ²
ͨ

6Ŀǣũ˼ʡµĿݸ좴󶹺ֱġ
ߣũڸִͳԸĲϰߣֿݸ좴ʱһ
Ȼҩ

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Ϸĩרõɫƽ֯ѧ˹±˹Ǻ

Skuller

Ϸĩתˮıһǹڲɷɫƽ֯
ĿѧݴѧĶ.˹±˹ڡһ
ѧеɻΪûʹĳΪ
ƵĴѧһ㶼˽ѧ˽ѧֻܼˣõĴѧ
Ү³ǳĺãĴѧûʲô
ôˣû˵˽ѧǺһ𣬾Ͳ˲
ѧϣôѧȻһС͵˽ѧֻܹ
Уλfaculty
http://www.coa.edu/faculty/facultylist.html˵
еҰѧ˼ˡλ˹±˹ڵľȴܷḻ
˲ٹʻĻ֯Ҳܶ࣬ѧ
࣬ƪ״ڲ֪־淢ģҲ֪
Journal of Environment and DevelopmentӰж
impact factor listûзָ־Ϸĩ
ķ̸ƺһҪѧ緽Ϊ
סȻ˹±˹ڲμ˺ܶ֯ͻʶ
Ұһܹ㣬ܹӴ˽ܶһֵϣƺ
̫˵ȨԲ㣬ֻ˵ԵοԵ

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㽭ѧˮѧصʵҵ

Rice-cn

ʦ:

, йũҵѧĲʿо,´׵о.Һ
Ĵپ,оѧµҲкܴİ.Ҫд
,ⱨ,˺ܶ,ĵʵ鷽Ҳж.з
һƪ㽭ѧ.

ƪPeisong Hu ()(),ͨѶWu Dianxing()(
)Journal of Cereal Science 2004, 40 (3): 231-237.
Ŀ:Starch digestibility and the estimated glycemic score of different
types of rice differing in amylose contents.³Hu-Wu.

ɵ(Ϯ,ɷʦ綨):
Frei M, Studies on the in vitro starch disgestibility and the glycemic
index of six different indigenous rice cultivars from the Philippines.
Food Chemistry 2003, 83: 395C402.³Frei.

һԵ֤
1.ժҪ:
    Hu-Wu2仰: A vitro enzymatic starch digestion method was applied 
to estimate the glycemic index in vivo based on the kinetics of starch 
hydrolysis in vitro.
    Frei2仰:An in vitro enzymatic starch digestion method was applied 
in order to estimate the expected glycemic index in vivo based on the 
kinetics of starch hydrolysis in vitro.

    Hu-Wuһ:Starch hydrolysis tends to be more quick and complete 
for the waxy and low amylose rice than for the intermediate and high 
amylose rice
    Frei3:Starch hydrolysis tended to be more rapid and more 
complete for waxy cultivars than for high amylose cultivars

2.ǰ,ԵĽ,Ƚҵ,һ:

   Hu-Wu2ҳ(232ҳ)14пʼ: Rice is known to have a relatively high 
glycemic response compared with other starchy foods. Jenkins et al. (1984)
reported a GI of 96 for brown rice and 83 for white rice. Miller et al. (1992)
also classified freshly cooked rice as a high GI food with values ranging
from 64 to 93. Retrogradation upon cooling and storage imply fully reversible
crystallization in case of amylopection and partially reversible crystallization
in case of amylose (Bj?rck, 1996). Non-waxy rice starch had a higher degree 
of crystallization than waxy rice starch (Baik et al., 1997).

   Frei2ҳ(396ҳ)12пʼ:The glycemic response of rice is known to be 
relatively high compared to other starchy foods. [Jenkins et al., 1984] report
 a glycemic index of 96 for brown rice and 83 for white rice. 
[Miller et al., 1992] likewise classified rice as a high glycemic index food
 with values ranging from 64 to 93 in the freshly cooked form. The cooling 
and storing of cooked rice is known to entail starch retrogradation, 
thus increasing the level of enzyme-resistant starch through 
recrystallization ( [Englyst et al., 1992 and Sievert & Pomeranz, 1989]).....


3.뷽:85%ȫճ,õԼеȫһ.õķҲһ.
2.(ʽڸʽûȫг,ȫһ).
  
  Hu-Wu3ҳ(233ҳ)ҵ26пʼ:A non-linear model established by 
Goni et al.(1996) was applied to describe the kinetics of starch hydrolysis. 
The first order equation has the form C=C(1?e?kt). Where C corresponds to 
the percentage of starch hydrolysed at time t, C is the percentage of starch
 hydrolysed after 180 min, k is the kinetic constant and t is the time (min).
 The parameters C and k were estimated for each cultivar and each treatment
 based on the data obtained from the in vitro hydrolysis procedure. Parameters
 were estimated using SYSTAT software, MS Office version. The area under the
 hydrolysis curve (AUC) was calculated using the equation: 
AUC=C(tf?t0)?(C/k)[1?exp(tf?t0)]]. 
Where C corresponds to the percentage of starch hydrolysed after 180 min, 
tf is the final time (180 min), t0 is the initial time (0 min) and k is the 
kinetic constant. The hydrolysis index (HI) was obtained by dividing the area 
under the hydrolysis curve of each sample by the corresponding area of a 
reference sample (fresh white bread). The estimated glycemic score (EGS) 
was calculated using the equation: EGS: 39.71+(0.549HI) (Frei et al., 2003).

  Frei3ҳ(397ҳ)ҵ9пʼ:A non-linear model established by
 [Goni et al., 1997] was applied to describe the kinetics of starch hydrolysis.
 The first order equation has the form: 

C=C(1-e-kt)

where C corresponds to the percentage of starch hydrolyzed at time t, C is 
the equilibrium percentage of starch hydrolyzed after 180 min, k is the kinetic
 constant and t is the time (min). The parameters C and k were estimated for 
each cultivar and each treatment based on the data obtained from the in vitro 
hydrolysis procedure. Parameter estimation was carried out using the software 
SYSTAT version 9 for MS Office.
The area under the hydrolysis curve (AUC) was calculated using the equation

AUC=C(tf-to)-(c/k)[1-exp[k(tf-to)]]

where C corresponds to the equilibrium percentage of starch hydrolysed after 
180 min, tf is the final time (180 min), t0 is the initial time (0 min) and k
 is the kinetic constant.
A hydrolysis index (HI) was obtained by dividing the area under the hydrolysis
 curve of each sample by the corresponding area of a reference sample (fresh
 white bread). [Goni et al., 1997]), showed this hydrolysis index to be a 
good predictor of glycemic response. Expected GI was thus estimated using 
the model  GI=39.71+(0.549*HI)

  Hu-Wu3ҳ(233ҳ)ҵ7пʼ: 2.6. Statistical methods
The data obtained for the HI, the estimated GI and the retrogradation effect 
were subjected to a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by 
Duncan's multiple range test The significance level was P<0.05 and the software
 used was Statistical for Window 97, version 5.1 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa, USA).

  Frei4ҳ(398ҳ)18пʼ:2.4. Statistics
A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the statistical 
significance of differences in the hydrolysis index and estimated glycemic 
index between cultivars and the retrogradation effect. ANOVA was followed 
by Duncan's multiple range test. The significance level was P<0.05 and the
 software used was Statistica for Windows 97, version 5.1 (Statsoft inc., Tulsa, USA).

4.:Ȼһ,һԵ֤.

  Hu-Wu:ƪĹⲻרGlycemic index,Glycemic score,
Frei2ıע(399ҳ):HI, hydrolysis index; GI, estimated glycemic index;
 Different letters (aCf) within one column denote statistically significant 
differences (P<0.05). Hu-Wu2ıע:HI, hydrolysis index; GI, glycemic index.

5.ο:ҲԵҪ֤
  2ƪĶ:Bravo, P. Siddhuraju and F. Saura-Calixto, Effect of various 
processing methods on the in vitro starch digestibility and resistant starch content
 of Indian pulses, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46 (1998), pp. 4667C4674.
Ҳ־.˵FreiдˣHu-Wuˡ

.ٵ֤

1.һС֤ݵķ
  һ(3)з2ƪĵģķ,õȶһ,ڽеı,
ҲӦһ.һ(4)п:FreiANOVA(?), Hu-Wuû.˵Hu-Wuֻ
᳭,!ǵ? ,Ҿļǵ.

2.Ҫ֤
  һ(3)з,ЩΪṩһ֤©,©IBMĺŻ.
˵ĺ: һη̶ʵݽģ,ó2,һC,һK,
ٸ2,AUC,HI=AUC/Ʒ().

2ƪĵı2жгC, KHI, ô,ͿƷֵ.Ȼ,ƷӦһ.

ȿFrei2ĶƷֵ:
	C	k	AUC	        HI			
	44.3	0.022	5998.749817	51.4	116.7071949
	39.8	0.021	5312.016339	45.3	117.2630538
	66.6	0.028	9624.826844	86.8	110.8851019
	50.9	0.035	7710.384798	62.9	122.5816343
	41.5	0.031	6136.340693	52.4	117.1057384
	38	0.023	5214.133407	43.5	119.8651358
	73.4	0.08	12294.50051	104.2	117.9894483
	68.3	0.03	10027.61608	85.6	117.1450477
	68	0.062	11143.24142	95.8	116.3177601
	35	0.043	5486.40064	47.3	115.9915569
	85.4	0.129	14709.9845	126.6	116.1926106
	53.5	0.112	9152.321429	78.2	117.0373584
յƽֵ117.1110.9-122.6. 
C, K, HIõĶƽֵ,.


ٿHu-Wu2ĶƷֵ:
	C	k	AUC	        HI		
	35.6	0.021	4751.451801	41.9	113.3998043
	31.4	0.019	4053.430024	29.9	135.5662215
	45.1	0.029	6571.236915	71.9	91.39411565
	41.4	0.022	5606.055133	60.8	92.20485417
	71.3	0.089	12032.87649	107.1	112.351788
	67.2	0.035	10179.52571	87.8	115.9399283
	79.2	0.125	13622.4	        121.3	112.3033801
	58.6	0.114	10033.96491	100	100.3396491
	33.5	0.02	4400.767235	37.1	118.6190629
	30.1	0.018	3811.268513	27.7	137.5909211
	44.6	0.02	5858.931901	68.5	85.53185257
	39.8	0.019	5137.787101	58.3	88.12670841
	49.7	0.027	7119.525891	72.1	98.74515798
	45.2	0.024	6277.714781	54.3	115.6116903
	70.1	0.112	11992.10714	112.2	106.8815253
	57.8	0.098	9814.204095	78.3	125.3410485
	54.1	0.033	8102.920994	69.9	115.9216165
	49.5	0.031	7319.249742	59.3	123.427483
	51.9	0.033	7773.412192	53.9	144.2191501
	44	0.03	6459.957652	43.9	147.1516549
	72.3	0.085	12163.41196	90.3	134.7000217
	67.5	0.031	9980.795102	79.8	125.0726203
	69.8	0.094	11821.44684	114	103.6969021
	49.9	0.045	7873.447702	90.7	86.80758216
	55.1	0.031	8147.286076	70.3	115.8931163
	39.7	0.02	5215.237589	42.3	123.2916688
	39.1	0.028	5650.611556	42.6	132.6434637
	38.3	0.025	5379.018983	30.2	178.1132113
	52.3	0.076	8725.842893	95.4	91.46585842
	43.8	0.032	6519.563084	75.1	86.81175877
	70.8	0.116	12133.65517	108.9	111.4201577
	50.1	0.099	8511.939403	86.3	98.63197454
յƽֵ114.7,:85.5-178.1 (˴)

,ڿЦ.

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ҵһ㿴

eanan

տʼҿйҵֵı,Ϊһƭ,ͷƭüߵ֪ƭ
̫(ͼ߹),googleϲһ,йѧԺ
ҵ,ڿƼԱû(),йѧԺ
վ˵,Ǽһ.ֲ鵽һƪ:

http://www.calt.com/information/magazine/200003/0311.htm

ĵĽβд:ÿõйѧԺо.һ
оǷһ:

1,оǷѧ?

2,йѧԺоǲǹʽ(Ҳ˰˵Ǯ),
Ǯʹǲ˷?

 ˵һ,Դרҵ˶ʿ,ѧڶǵĽ,һ
׷һо.٤ǰҶΪٶȺй,
Ǹݳʶ׷٤ԵĽ,ڻ֪ʲô.һô
شо,Ӧ֤ǿ(٤).ΪʵЩ
ײļ,ܱƭ(Ծ֮Ķ֮),йѧԺ
о˵,бĵƭ.ѧоʧ
,Ȩ֪ǵǮõʲôط.

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ѧƳ9-11桷뱾һ鱻̣



9-11ίԱᱨ桷ĵһ뱾ˡֵΪⲿշ
ʱ7µףͿˣоʱɶľּ֮˼֡

뱾й񹫰ѧһ˸ģΪ׵ļԱ־־
ĻԵĽܣԱ־ǡйѧ·ɿѧо
Ρйѧ̷ѧо᳤̷ѧйֻḱΡ־
ǡӱѧѧԺڡйѧ·ɿѧоķѧʿ
ѧԺѧоʿоԱĻǡѧ
ϵʦйѧ·ɿѧоĲʿоԱ

ͷСĶҲܸߡ85ԪеoutrageousӢ
ļǮˡֵܾãһּǮһֻطҲNBŶԵ
purse stringϽݶһ£sohu.comأûҿꡪHow come?
Ѫ¿ƲסԼĳ嶯ɳΥҹ̷涨Ķ
Ի˰ɣԻAbso-fucking-lutelyûпţ

λ뿴

1¡1ҳ

1ģ

...еǰλڸݵİ٣Ǵ¥

ԭģ

Others went to Arlington, Virginia, to the Pentagon.



磬˵һ䣺IU֪Ǵ¥ڰؾ

ӦΪ

ȥλڸݰصǴ¥

2ģ

ڿɺӵĶ԰,ֻصһڡ

ԭģ

Across the Potomac River, the United States Congress was back in 
session.



ĲڿɺӵĶ԰Ǻ

ӦΪ

ɺӶ԰ֽڡ

3ģ

ЩߵУеݲºĬ¡Ͱ
ȡ

ԭģ

Among the travelers were Mohamed Atta and Abdul Aziz al Omari, who 
arrived at the airport in Portland, Maine.



Abdul Aziz al Omari»ͨ뷨ա
ǷҪĲɡŶȡ𡱡

еalһǲġڴ˺аķУ
߻϶algenerally accepted translationsɷ
ӣ˼ҡ磺򡤰лMarwan al ShehhiӦΪ
лգķտףSatam al SuqamiӦΪķտ
ףΤлWail al ShehriӦΪΤл¡
лWaleed al ShehriӦΪ¡лʡޡ

Ƕƽʱôţ»뷨Ҳ

4ģ

ݵʱֳ򣬰CAPPSʶΩһǣ
ǵİɻ뿪ֱѾ֤ʵ˷ɻ

ԭģ

Under security rules in place at the time, the only consequence of 
Attas selection by CAPPS was that his checked bags were held off the 
plane until it was confirmed that he had boarded the aircraft. 



˵checked bags֪ʲôchecked bagС


⣬Ǽǵİɻ뿪ҲǺΪ
SARS롱仰˼ǣΪCAPPSԤϵͳѡеĳ˿
ΣԽϴΪ˷ֹ˿ΣƷԼȴǻ
Թ涨˿͵ǻ֮ǰñϷɻ

ӦΪ

յʱȫĹ涨ԤϵͳѡеΨһǣڻ
ȷѾǻܱϷɻ

ڶҳ

5ģ

һ¥ÿͨ175κİϺչ˾ƣ
׹˾Ϻչ˾ĺͬʵʩ顣

ԭģ

In a different terminal, the single checkpoint through which 
passengers for United 175 passed was controlled by United Airlines, 
which had contracted with Huntleigh USA to perform the screening.



Huntleigh USAʲôһ㳣ʶǵڹ˾ģ
ʾù˾ڵصķֹ˾
Microsoft Chinaɲǡй΢ߵ½Huntleigh˾
վϿ˼ҵܲӢ

׹˾Ϻչ˾ĺͬʵʩ顱仰Ҳ


ӦΪ

һվ¥ڣ175εĳ˿ͨİϺչ˾С
칤а˾ֹ˾Huntleigh USA

ҳ

6ģ

5ٻ߾ͨ˺ռɢվȫ㡭

ԭģ

All five hijackers passed through the Main Terminals west 
security screening checkpoint


Main TerminalȻǡռɢվӦվ¥滳
ǲûɻ

7ģ

⣬ڼϵը飬Ҳͨ

ԭģ

In addition, his over-the-shoulder carry-on bag was swiped by an 
explosive trace detector and then passed.



explosive trace detectorеġtraceôˣҹƲû
ǿ϶֪traceʲô˼ɴɱڡ

traceߣ΢Ҳexplosive trace detectorǡ
ըǡ˼

ӦΪ

⣬һ̨ըǶ˫米˼飬ͨ

8ģ

Ҫһרֳʽ¼ΪλԱĹ
ֱű߼ʡ

ԭģ

We asked a screening expert to review the videotape of the 
hand-wanding, and he found the quality of the screeners work to have 
been marginal at best.



߰marginalɡű߼ʡУ֪Բ鰡
MerriamAmerican Heritage

Merriam-Webster onlineĽͣ

marginal: close to the lower limit of qualification, acceptability, 
or function : barely exceeding the minimum requirements

˰ɣmarginalǡǿϸ񡱵˼

ӦΪ

һλרҹۿüеİ칤¼֣
ðԱĹҲֻǴպϡ

ֵֻܲݲݿֵĴ䲻ͨʲǸʰ
ǡдлٸҾٳһЩΪЦӣ˵ǿ
롰˹ŵᡱ͡һͻơ涷ޡ

ǵڶеһΣҪһ˹֣ηǵϲһȦ׹
ȥ

˹̣ôʵ溬ǡ־ڰ
˹ΪºĬµһϵʾһΩһ񣬼ǲ
ҮաЩʾͨʹӰﲢ¼ڡ˹Ϊ
ЩʾǴǲҮһֱһЩΰʱ֪
شּ⡣ʥѵºĬµĻ¼
ͬʱ˽¼ʥѵ˹̵һԨԴ
Ҫ֡˹̷̽ڡ͡˹ķ䡣

ԭ£

Islam (a word that literally means surrender to the will of God) 
arose in Arabia with what Muslims believe are a series of revelations 
to the Prophet Mohammed from the one and only God, the God of Abraham 
and of Jesus. These revelations, conveyed by the angel Gabriel, are 
recorded in the Quran. Muslims believe that these revelations, given 
to the greatest and last of a chain
of prophets stretching from Abraham through Jesus, complete Gods 
message to humanity. The Hadith, which recount Mohammeds sayings and 
deeds as recorded by his contemporaries, are another fundamental source. 
A third key element is the Sharia, the code of law derived from the 
Quran and the Hadith.

Ϸڵĸλ˿ѳʶûУ

12/11/2004

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¶ҵѧ˶ʿоо

ƿ

ҵѧ˶ʿо㣬ϵҵѧŷɼվ
http://www.frontfree.com㻹΢˾MVPר
http://www.microsoft.com/china/community/Column/Zengyi.mspx2003
ϱһƪǡԭġ ѧ뼼ѧϰ˼
¼ԭĵַhttp://www.frontfree.net/view/article_746.html
http://www.ccafc.net/articles/campus/2004/0714/90.htm

ʱ㻹Ǽרҵѧһѧ֮ü
ʿҲֻгͷԾķݡ߶ڶĸѧ֪ʶ
䣬ڶרҵͬѧΪͼתһʱϺ糱
ԭĵĶ۴Ӯڶѧͬѧ޳ݣܶ
ѺܿʶĳϮΪ䳭Ϯվһűˣ

ƪµľ󲿷ǳϮϾѧСٺBBSSirʿӣ
ûб䡣SirϾѧıҵҮ³ĸڣдǸ
ʦʦֶָ·ѧϰָۣ̺󱲵Ŀǡ㽫ȫ
ϮϼԼĻԼ뱱ҵѧйصĻðרҸ֣
ڱҵѧĴѧӭ»ϹƪΪݽ壬
ȫ˵Լѧϰĵᣨϸһ¾ͿԷ֣Ҫ
ƪǱҵѧϵһѧдģȫ
ƪµԭߣ·ʱָ䳭Ϯ
ºһΡлSirдûкƽϡ
֪ܣתԴΪѧУSarsеĿгɹе
ǵĲԴٴָ䳭Ϯ⣬
һΡлƴ

㳭ϮǷBBSϵ£ϵ£ǣ
𽥷ֳϮıȡڼITĸ
˶ʿоôҲѧˣҾñҪ¶Ŀ
˵ĳϮͨGoogle˺ҵѧİĻƤ

ԭĳڣ2003513գ

1http://www.frontfree.net/view/article_746.html עhttp://www.frontfree.netվ
2http://www.ccafc.net/articles/campus/2004/0714/90.htm

ϾѧSirʿ³ϾѧСٺBBS̳

һ֣ۼѧ̸ ڣ20001130գ
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1793
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1794
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1795
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1796
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1797
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.975553688.A&num=1798
ڶ֣٩ѧϰ() ڣ2001108գ
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2412
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2413
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2414
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2415
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2416
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2417
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2418
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2419
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2420
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2421
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002484634.A&num=2422
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/vd306802/bbscon?board=Mathematics&file=M.1002508203.A&num=2423

ǵһĶµʱǻоSirĸֵĴ
ܹоֻǱҵѧѧ3꼶һţڴ̸ѧϰ
ĵáǺǣҪ׷Ч

(XYS20041211)

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ŮļͥģʽֵЧ

޼

缸˵ŮⱾܳһֱΪһдѧ
С˵ûԹעԼоģҲѾо
ԶѾûֱӵȤ˿Ȿļֵ
⣬Ҳ̸һԼĸ롣

Ҿ۵Ľ㲻ܽͣڡα֮棬áǲ
ô㡱ϹǲҪϵѧ롰ǲǽ4
У׼7Уܾȵȡ

̸۵һǣĺ㣬Ϲͨ
;ļͥģʽֵЧ

ļͥǷϺɣڡ͵ʽڡ
͵ӦԽʲôҲǣӦɽרҸݽۺļͥ
ʵ(ܵʵ)ۡҲǽרңԴûзȨ
Ҷһ߼ԿԴ߼ĽǶȷһ⡣

һ⣺ĳһֽһ(ɸ)˲ţ
ֽ֤ʽ𣿴ȻǷ񶨵ġΪκνģʽ¶
˲šë󶫿˲Űɣë󶫽ܵļ
ͥʽ³Ѹأͽأ߶أ¬أе
ͥ˵ǵ͵ġʽĽĸڰ
νһƬĮͥпѧԣҲֹܳ˲
һֽģʽǲʽܽǷһ
˲ţӦܷǧһʵ
꣬Ƿ꣨ȫ塢ĳһȫ淢չͽɳ
򣬡Ƥ֮³šҲΪһƹ㣬˵ͥ¾
Բų𣿸߶һ(˴漰Ʒ֮)
ɡȷʵһŮƶܵļͥ
ʽ(ĸĸǶԼ)ôԵΥ
߼ѧġԭ򡱡

ڶ⣺õļֵͥձƹ߼ѧһձ
Чԭ򣬼ҽһ۷ʽκξݶܵõʵɿĽۣ
˵ЧʽѧҲһձЧԭһֵ¹淶
ҽÿһʩжʹгһĵ£
һĵԭΪ˶򲻵
õԭ򱻼̤һơԵСӹ
᲻г󣩡ձЧԭҲǿƵģ
šʡȵȶǺģĸ˲ŵĳɳҲǺܸԻĶͥ
ˡõļͥ˵ǳɹˣǶͥͺӲ
һã룺һܵܣĸĸܱ֤ɡ
(Ү³к)ˣ㡶Ůгʵ
ڶⱾʱҲܰѸᵱձľ飬հģ£
ܶɱԼӵĸԡ

⣺һ˵õļͥģʽձЧԣ
μֻͥҪϸŮŮҮ³к
ģʽǷӦƹ㣿ҵĴȻǷ񶨵ġǿ룺һ˶
š(ܳ˲)ᣬһ˶ӹŵõȥأ
㲻мͥһֳɹģʽţֻҪŮ
ļҳаٷ֮һѧĸĸͥġСҲ
ŮҮ³к(˵Ů400ᣬ
ĵ)Уıȫйռˣ
ҲҪƶұйѧ˰ա

֮ԡŮȨһμҳĳһλҳķ
ص档ʹûʲôôҲɴ󵼡

Ůľ鲢ҪҪǣǧ巣ĺӣǧ
ɱӵԣǧẢϷȨǧҪغӵĶ˸

(XYS20041211)

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øĸ߼˼ά˵ƻ

׻
 
øĸߵ֮ҺΪλ߼ˮƽ
еģдԼ¡ҵо
ʾɡΪбҪõĸĸڷʱעһ
Ͻٷ¼߼

1ŤҪƵ١ۣҪ㹻
ǣΥʵĲϻϢƭߣԸ
ڵ֤֤ĳĳ¡νġûвɷõ
ˡǲƵ١ġΪ֤ݼȲ
۵ıҪҲ㹻һӣҪƵ
ֶٺ˹Թϵۣȹϵ֤
㹻ǷƵġ㹻
˿Цõǣлжദ
ӦӲϾݾһ£˽Ȿѧ˶֪
йõκһһУıȫ¼ȡ
ȫ¼ȡᱻǡѧɫ֤õ
Уȫ¼ȡ Ƶѧɫ ۵㹻ۡ
Ҫӡɫ֤ۣôӸѧ˵
ʱƵ磬ѧԻƵ
ѧӢˮƽɫע⣬ʱ
ĽҲضڲ˵߼վסŵġҸ
ɱǣķϣֱӰѡΪƵ
㹻ģЦ
߼ 

עͣ˵ҵıҪ(necessary condition)ʱ
˼˵ûмףұ㲻ܴڡ磺һ
εıҪ

˵ҵ㹻()(sufficient condition)ʱ
˼˵״ڣضڡ仰˵ûп
׶ûҡ磺ʷӻͣٵ㹻

2֪ƫ

a. ɼ衣Ǻܶ˶׷߼ǵ
Ϊ򵥵Ľۼʱ򣬰
Ϊ۵ĺĲϡ޵ҺϸĿļ
ǣòȫţ𲢷ȫ
ʽܳļ⣬ְ⡰
ࡷһƼĻԡ𱾿
ίԱἯͶƱġΪĲϡ

b. ֤Ϊ֤ݲֵƵۣһ
Ҳͻ磬μ̨Ӿļź顱
ǰƵڿб
ʡ;ʵۣǲֵġ
ΪǰҲֻѣҪ֣˵

һμΪĳرͻ磬ݼ

Ϊ;ʵرͻ磬ȷ
ѡʱͨҾȷģǴ˾Ļʤߡ
ûʵ֧ǵ۶ϡ磬
ѧ֮ǰļ꣬Ͼݵȴоʹ
ƽѧļҾˡ۶ϵ۾ݾ
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룿

˵ʵʵĻҶʮкܴ
Ȥ֪ʱǷø㣨ѧϰ
˼س棩ǣûȥԭ
ʲô

c.ԴʿշϡǰһЩûϢݣϢԾ
Ϣݵĳйص˵һЩշԴǡ
򡰿շ⡱磬ѵ˵һѧ
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˵һ̰۾˾ίǸȡ˻¸
Ϸ𣿡һϿΪ˵˾ɵ

3͵Ǵźܶ˶ܺ׵Ŀ
ʷڴ˱͵ĸǣ
ѧϵ۶ϣý˵Ļ֮УԼ
Уûָʾ˽۳һı⣬ʴ
۵ԴǸüߣޡѱΪҵĹ۵
ͷøЦˡҲ࣬
еĹ۵㣬Էٴ˶

һΪڿsatɼܳıֺش
׷涼ûͻ֣֤ĵӾǽֺܳش
ףųЩ¼ȡҪأƶϳʣµΨһҪ
أƼLarry˹ؼá

LarryΪʦʦȫʦЭ
йίԱǰϯǾкܸģƼ
˵ߵйؼá

һ㣬ҸΪʲôأΪҲһ
ߡȫƼ˶еشáʵϣ
ԼҲһҵʦдƼš
ڹίԱУֻһ֤ӢصTOEFL
ɼһǸ޴֤ʵġ㡱¼ģһҲ
˽йѧѡһεƼ
ϤѧʱҾ˴Ļϣˡ

ɣһȺûгԹƻԭʼˣһƻ
ΪûֶͲҳԣƻΪ
˱Ե뾡취˵ԭʼˣԼϴúܸɾ
ԼζһӹҺܺóԡ
ԭʼ˵˵޵ġǣһԭʼ˲
Լ˵һ䣺ҳԹԳԣҺܺóԡ
ԭʼ˳ƻͲʲôˡڵǾ
ƻһ֤Լóѧʱȱ
ٵĳ֮һһýкܴ󵼡

˵ףһ˵ƻʹ丸ĸ߼˼
ά֮£Ȼõԭʼ˵ƽ飬˳İԼ¡
Ƴ˳ƻƽһ֡ɢζ
ڸУƷʣ챻Եķƻ
ʱȴѹⶳˡһ˵ã

ҵǣһһѵСƻҸѧ߼
֪ʶʵϣСһƪǿƵ۵£
дͨ˳ľӣһ߼˼Ƶ
СͬѰʣȫ淢չϡ

(XYS20041211)

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ѧԺйѧаǹ

1210Ѷ  ڽеŷϣŷ
ý壬ѧԺڡɼʱйѧа
еʮǸñһԷѹ档

˵ýйѧԺڡɼʱ
йѧаϣ10λ˽⣬ɼʱıǿ
һԷѹ档νʮ޸ߵȽеģû
һ֯ñзйʿʾֻһ򸶷ѹ棬ű
áɼʱñȡж׷Ρ
Ǿλһܣʾ塣

(XYS20041211)

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Ҳ̸̸ѧԵһЩ



1995꿼һѧ1997μѧԣ1999ҵ
ǶֽʽıƣöͨȫƴѧѧԻЩʶ
˿ϺܶڽԿҲ̸̸һЩйѧԵĿ

һѧĩԺѧԵѶȡҾѧԻҪѺܶࡣ
һȥϿΣǿǰͻһ£ҲͿͨˣżвģ
ѶȲܶ࣬ٲġԿ4º10¿ԣҼ
һѧͿʼԿѧϰĿγҲ϶࣬һҪҴҵĴ
Ĵ󲿷ʱ伸ͻԿ档ѧٶصͻѧ
ȴ֪ʶɢҵʱμӵķɿγ̣ÿһŵ
Ծ6A4ֽϡ99ҵĴʱЩܶ
ƹ󴨵ĸظʦǵѣúܶ࿼мϢʱʦ
ġȻöԴӢԺͿ˶ʿо̬ȶԴԿ
ԿҲǲѵġ

ڶԿȷ98ġǵøտʼμԿĺüοԣ
μԵıרƿ20ˣһǵ30ˣǿտյġ
99ϰļοԣʱһſοҪúüˡ

ǵõʱܺãûһСģҲ
ûע⵽бֵġ

ģѧҪǿѧϰͼֵǵĸ߿
Ѽʽһ߿õĿٸ߿õѧ˱ȽϺõѧϰ
ģɼرõһҪôġҪôǺѧϰŵġ
ǵĴѧѣ֮ͳɽҰĺˣڱҵΪף
һҪſʼԼҪѧ㶫ѧԺ˾Щƣ
Ե֪ʶܶ࣬һҪʱȥѧϰҪſγ̽ʲôУ
Ȼڿʱ쵫ʶĿǵõʱЩɵĽ̲Ǳ
ģľӣصͶĳЩ۵Ĺ۵ʱͬ
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öԸѧԵ̬ȥμԿǼ˸ҾôѧһַΧ
ѬգԿȴҪֵͶѧϰ

Ȼÿ˶ĿͬҾԿҵǱȽ
ġǵñҵ㽭ܶǰͬѧǿ˼Կתμӳ
߿͵УȥıߵѧˡʵǿԶйɿѭպ
ſγ̽ʲôȴѧõĻҪȽϵͳſγҲԿ
ص㡣

(XYS20041211)

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̸

ɽͯ

ʮ꡷˵ǻĳⱾ鲢ϸϵѧ
ԴˣƲԣڡʮ꡵ҵġʷۡһ
ԴڳһЩȻⲢг
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ʷС˵Ǻܿ﷦ζġѧԵıʵ
ʷоĵãȷʵдʤʮ꡷ĳɹżȻġ

һֱΪʷһԹ׾Ӿƶй
ʷݽ桢±仯Ϊһ֮Ϊ
ʵڲƲʷϵйʲôƶأƿ
ǡǱˮͧͼϲӴĹټţ²ɢũСũ
֯мȱЧᣬԵԼ淨ִУԲʵ֡Ŀ
ϵĹǻϲõһʣȻƶȲãΪʲô
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ʯ䷨Ƶ۷ǳ֮ߣΪʲôأΪʯĳЩĸϸʵ
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ѧߵĴͳʶΪйʱѿΪȻ෴
ΪľƶȽ֮Ҳйʼ˥˵ĸԭ
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Լڡͳһľ֮¡ԱսΪδ
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ʷˣĵãĵʧҲк˵

(XYS20041211)

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    ʱҵ۵㣬ȴûмԭģؽԭ
ȫɨʶ棬ԭĳ2004127աЭ

Yves

  2004ŵδһѧ

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о߼ʣӢŵѧУ

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˿ʼб˵

1999722գ˿վwww.xys.org¶..ڷ
200224գ˿վwww.xys2.org¶ѧܱڷ

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ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com.cn, yahoo.com, hotmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys1.dyndns.org)(xys.3322.org) 